Table 3. Suspected change in social-emotional development according to socioeconomic, demographic, and family environment characteristics (n=287).
| No (n=166) | Yes (n=121) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Maternal age | ≤19 years | 28 (60.9) | 18 (39.1) |
| >19 years | 138 (57.3) | 103 (42.7) | |
| Ethnicity | White | 40 (57.9) | 29 (42.1) |
| Non-white | 126 (57.8) | 92 (42.2) | |
| Has a partner | No | 17 (48.6) | 18 (51.4) |
| Yes | 149 (59.1) | 103 (40.9) | |
| Schooling | ≤8 years | 26 (54.2) | 22 (45.8) |
| >8 years | 140 (58.6) | 99 (41.4) | |
| Paid work | No | 118 (55.4) | 95 (44.6) |
| Yes | 48 (64.9) | 26 (35.1) | |
| Per capita income | ≤0.5 MW | 112 (55.7) | 89 (44.3) |
| >0.5 MW | 54 (62.8) | 32 (37.2) | |
| Socioeconomic class | A and B | 40 (56.3) | 31 (43.7) |
| C, D, and E | 126 (58.3) | 90 (41.7) | |
| Child’s age (in months) | 1-12 | 120 (57.1) | 90 (42.9) |
| 12-24 | 46 (40.7) | 31 (40.3) | |
| Exposure to cigarettes | No | 131 (55.5) | 105 (44.5) |
| Yes | 35 (68.6) | 16 (31.4) | |
| Alcohol and/or drugs | No | 157 (57.1) | 118 (42.9) |
| Yes | 9 (75.0) | 3 (25.0) | |
| Domestic violence | No | 142 (58.4) | 101 (41.6) |
| Yes | 24 (54.5) | 20 (45.5) | |
| Food insecurity | No | 141 (59.7) | 95 (40.3) |
| Yes | 25 (49.0) | 26 (51.0) | |
| Maternal depression | No | 148 (58.7) | 104 (41.3) |
| Yes | 18 (51.4) | 17 (48.6) | |
| Parents’ concerns | No | 66 (59.5) | 45 (40.5) |
| Yes | 100 (56.8) | 76 (43.2) | |
| Reads for the child | No | 127 (57.2) | 95 (42.8) |
| Yes | 39 (60.0) | 26 (40.0) | |
MW: minimum wage.