Table 1.

Prevalence of thyroid hormone abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 and controls in recently published studies.

Month	Author	Design	n	Population	Groups	n	Low/suppressed TSH	NTIS	Overt and subclinical thyrotoxicosis	Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism	Other findings
July	Sun et al.	Retrospective	336	Unselected	COVID-19 +	336	NR	NR	NR	NR	Lower TSH levels in severe/critical cases
July	Li et al.	Prospective	96	Non-critically ill	COVID-19 +	40	NR	NR	NR	NR	TSH levels lower than controls
					COVID-19 –	57	NR	NR	NR	NR
July	Chen et al.	Retrospective	50	Unselected (12 critically ill)	COVID-19 +	50	28 (56%)	15 (30%)	17 (34%)	-	TSH levels lower than controls
					COVID-19 –	54 healthy/50 pneumonia patients	NR	NR	NR	NR
August	Muller et al.	Mixed (COVID-19+ prospective, Controls: retrospective)	204*	Both critically (85) and non-critically (41) ill	COVID-19 + (critically ill/non-critically ill)	85/41	29 (34%) & 5 (12.2%)	NR	13 (15.3%) & 1 (2.4%)	3 (3.5%) & 4 (9.8%)
					COVID-19 – (critically ill)	78	7 (9%)	NR	1 (1.3%)	7 (9%)
October	Lania et al.	Retrospective	287	Non-critically ill all	COVID-19 +	287	58 (20.2%)	NR	58 (20.2%)	15/ (5.2%)
November	Lui et al.	Prospective	191	Unselected (84.3% mild, 12.6% moderate, 3.1% severe)	COVID-19 +	191	11 (5.8%)	12 (6.3%)	14 (7.3%)**	1 (0.5%)
November	Khoo et al.	Prospective	456	Unselected (40 critically ill)	COVID-19 +	334	18 (5.4%)	NR	18 (5.4%)***	19 (5.7%)
					COVID-19 –	122	8 (6.6%)	NR	8 (6.6%)***	7 (5.7%)

*After excluding those with known thyroid disease. **Including patients with raised FT4 but normal TSH. ***All subclinical.

NR, not reported.