Table 2. Analysis of self-reporting questionnaire with 20 items (SRQ-20) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) of each year-class (n=373).
| First Year-class (n=65) | Second Year-class (n=58) | Third Year-class (n=75) | Fourth Year-class (n=54) | Internship (n=121) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 54 (83.1%) | 39 (67.2%) | 60 (80%) | 36 (66.7%) | 82 (67.8%) | 0.064a | |
| Age (years) | 20.5±2.3b | 20.9±1.5 | 21.8±1.7b | 23.4±2.6b | 24.8±2.0b | <0.001c | |
| SRQ-20 total score | Male | 5.3±4.4 | 7.3±5.0 | 5.2±4.5 | 8.5±4.3 | 6.2±4.2 | 0.181c |
| Female | 9.9±4.3b | 8.2±4.2 | 9.4±4.1 | 7.9±4.8 | 7.8±4.2b | 0.027c | |
| SRQ items: | |||||||
| Headaches | Male | 0 (0%) | 7 (36.8%) | 3 (20%) | 6 (33.3%) | 12 (30.8%) | 0.203a |
| Female | 22 (40.7%) | 20 (51.3%) | 27 (45%) | 15 (41.7%) | 35 (42.7%) | 0.873a | |
| Poor appetite | Male | 3 (27.3%) | 2 (10.5%) | 3 (20%) | 3 (16.7%) | 2 (5.1%) | 0.271a |
| Female | 18 (33.3%) | 7 (17.9%) | 17 (28.3%) | 7 (19.4%) | 13 (15.9%) | 0.115a | |
| Poor sleep | Male | 4 (36.4%) | 8 (42.1%) | 3 (20%) | 11 (61.1%) | 19 (48.7%) | 0.179a |
| Female | 38 (70.4%)b | 23 (59%) | 38 (63.3%) | 15 (41.7%)b | 42 (51.2%) | 0.049 a | |
| Easily frightened | Male | 2 (18.2%) | 7 (36.8%) | 2 (13.3%) | 3 (16.7%) | 6 (15.4%) | 0.341a |
| Female | 27 (50.0%) | 15 (38.5%) | 34 (56.7%) | 11 (30.6%) | 39 (47.6%) | 0.112a | |
| Hands shaking | Male | 3 (27.3%) | 6 (31.6%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (16.7%) | 7 (17.9%) | 0.189a |
| Female | 11 (20.4%) | 10 (25.6%) | 16 (26.7%) | 5 (13.9%) | 15 (18.3%) | 0.535a | |
| Nervousness | Male | 7 (63.6%) | 15 (78.9%) | 10 (66.7%) | 15 (83.3%) | 31 (79.5%) | 0.637a |
| Female | 54 (100%)b | 39 (100%) | 59 (98.3%) | 30 (83.3%)b | 68 (82.9%)b | <0.001 a | |
| Poor digestion | Male | 1 (9.1%) | 4 (21.1%) | 3 (20%) | 7 (38.9%) | 9 (23.1%) | 0.443a |
| Female | 20 (37%) | 15 (38.5%) | 23 (38.3%) | 10 (27.8%) | 42 (51.2%) | 0.148a | |
| Difficult thinking | Male | 3 (27.3%) | 4 (21.1%) | 4 (26.7%) | 10 (55.6%) | 13 (33.3%) | 0.217a |
| Female | 25 (46.3%) | 14 (35.9%) | 32 (53.3%) | 13 (36.1%) | 33 (40.2%) | 0.331a | |
| Unhappiness | Male | 4 (36.4%) | 10 (52.6%) | 3 (20%) | 8 (44.4%) | 20 (51.3%) | 0.269a |
| Female | 38 (70.4%) | 19 (48.7%) | 37 (61.7%) | 18 (50%) | 44 (53.7%) | 0.156a | |
| Crying | Male | 3 (27.3%) | 5 (26.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 3 (16.7%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0.047 a |
| Female | 20 (37%) | 9 (23.1%) | 21 (35%) | 13 (36.1%) | 25 (30.5%) | 0.623a | |
| Lack of enjoyment | Male | 6 (54.5%) | 10 (52.6%) | 7 (46.7%) | 13 (72.2%) | 18 (46.2%) | 0.455a |
| Female | 36 (66.7%) | 24 (61.5%) | 39 (65%) | 17 (47.2%) | 43 (52.4%) | 0.214a | |
| Difficulty making decisions | Male | 3 (27.3%) | 12 (63.2%) | 11 (73.3%) | 9 (50%) | 17 (43.6%) | 0.549a |
| Female | 37 (68.5%) | 23 (59%) | 36 (60%) | 18 (50%) | 54 (65.9%) | 0.405a | |
| Work suffering | Male | 3 (27.3%) | 4 (21.1%) | 3 (20%) | 8 (44.4%) | 12 (30.8%) | 0.509a |
| Female | 20 (37%)b | 12 (30.8%) | 23 (38.3%) | 15 (41.7%) | 12 (14.6%)b | 0.005 a | |
| Unable to be useful | Male | 1 (9.1%) | 3 (15.8%) | 3 (20%) | 8 (44.4%) | 5 (12.8%) | 0.058a |
| Female | 12 (22.2%) | 8 (20.5%) | 11 (18.3%) | 4 (11.1%) | 11 (13.4%) | 0.542a | |
| Loss of interest | Male | 2 (18.2%) | 7 (36.8%) | 2 (13.3%) | 8 (44.4%) | 9 (23.1%) | 0.214a |
| Female | 27 (50%) | 11 (28.2%) | 25 (41.7%) | 13 (36.1%) | 26 (31.7%) | 0.154a | |
| Worthlessness | Male | 1 (9.1%) | 7 (36.8%) | 3 (20%) | 7 (38.9%) | 7 (17.9%) | 0.195a |
| Female | 19 (35.2%) | 13 (33.3%) | 20 (33.3%) | 10 (27.8%) | 19 (23.2%) | 0.537a | |
| Suicidal thoughts | Male | 0 (0%)b | 4 (21.1%)b | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0.010a |
| Female | 6 (11.1%) | 3 (7.7%) | 2 (3.3%) | 2 (5.6%) | 3 (3.7%) | 0.364a | |
| Tiredness the all time | Male | 4 (36.4%) | 9 (47.4%) | 7 (46.7%) | 13 (72.2%) | 20 (51.3%) | 0.358a |
| Female | 40 (74.1%)b | 23 (59%) | 36 (60%) | 27 (75%) | 37 (45.1%)b | 0.004a | |
| Stomach ache | Male | 2 (18.2%) | 5 (26.3%) | 3 (20%) | 6 (33.3%) | 12 (30.8%) | 0.838a |
| Female | 28 (51.9%) | 13 (33.3%) | 25 (41.7%) | 12 (33.3%) | 37 (45.1%) | 0.313a | |
| Tires easily | Male | 6 (54.5%) | 11 (57.9%) | 7 (46.7%) | 12 (66.7%) | 22 (56.4%) | 0.848a |
| Female | 36 (66.7%) | 19 (48.7%) | 42 (70%) | 28 (77.8%) | 44 (53.7%) | 0.023a | |
| IRI: | |||||||
| Empathic Concern | Male | 2.1±0.5 | 2.4±0.5 | 2.5±0.4 | 2.5±0.5 | 2.3±0.5 | 0.448c |
| Female | 2.6±0.5 | 2.7±0.5 | 2.7±0.4 | 2.7±0.5 | 2.6±0.6 | 0.776c | |
| Perspective Taking | Male | 2.3±0.6 | 2.8±0.7 | 3.0±0.5 | 2.8±0.7 | 2.6±0.9 | 0.121c |
| Female | 2.7±0.6 | 2.9±0.6 | 2.9±0.6 | 2.8±0.6 | 2.6±0.6 | 0.131c | |
| Fantasy | Male | 1.6±0.7b | 2.2±0.7 | 2.4±1.1b | 2.3±0.9 | 1.8±0.7 | 0.040c |
| Female | 2.6±0.9 | 2.9±1.0 | 2.9±0.9 | 2.5±1.0 | 2.4±0.9 | 0.004c | |
| Personal Distress | Male | 1.2±0.9 | 1.6±0.7 | 1.2±0.6 | 1.7±0.7 | 1.4±0.6 | 0.156c |
| Female | 2.0±0.6 | 1.9±0.5 | 2.0±0.8 | 1.7±0.8 | 1.8±0.7 | 0.191c | |
Note: SRQ-20: self-reporting questionnaire with 20 items; IRI: Interpersonal Reactivity Index; Internship: clerkship, completed in the same institution. (a) Qui-squared test - values are given as the number of cases and percentage of cases; (b) p≤0.05 in One-Way ANOVA post-hoc test using the first year as the reference category; (c) Kruskall-Wallis test - values are given as means±standard deviation. Bold values indicate significant differences.