Table 1.
Bivariate Analyses of Demographic Characteristics, Laboratory Data, and CT Findings of Patients Who Died and Patients Who Survived in the PICU
| Variable | PICU mortality (n = 56) | PICU survival (n = 140) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 14 (1, 17) | 12 (6, 16) | 0.792 |
| Male | 37 (66.1) | 94 (67.1) | 0.886 |
| Pre-sedation GCS score | 3 (3, 4) | 6 (4, 7) | <0.001 |
| ISS | 33 (27, 43) | 30 (26, 38) | 0.005 |
| Injury profile | |||
| MAIS head | 5 (5, 5) | 5 (5, 5) | 0.026 |
| MAIS face | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 0.308 |
| MAIS neck | 1 (1, 1) | 3 (1, 3) | 0.248 |
| MAIS thorax | 3 (2, 3) | 3 (2, 3) | 0.029 |
| MAIS abdomen | 2 (2, 2) | 2 (2, 3) | 0.204 |
| MAIS spine | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (1.5, 2) | 0.020 |
| MAIS extremities | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 3) | 0.349 |
| MAIS external | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 1) | 0.573 |
| Mechanism of injury | 0.153 | ||
| MVC | 39 (69.6) | 99 (70.7) | 0.882 |
| Fall | 2 (3.6) | 15 (10.7) | 0.160 |
| Intentional | 10 (17.9) | 12 (8.6) | 0.063 |
| Other | 5 (8.9) | 14 (10.0) | 0.819 |
| Rotterdam CT score | 3 (3, 5) | 2 (2, 3) | <0.001 |
| CT characteristics | |||
| SAH | 29 (54.7) | 53 (39.0) | 0.050 |
| IVH | 17 (32.1) | 26 (19.1) | 0.056 |
| Absent basal cisterns | 24 (45.3) | 8 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Compressed basal cisterns | 7 (13.2) | 6 (4.3) | 0.049 |
| Epidural mass lesion | 50 (90.9) | 121 (86.4) | 0.391 |
| Midline shift >5 mm | 9 (17.0) | 13 (9.4) | 0.143 |
| Laboratory values | |||
| Platelets, *109/L | 138.0 (85.0, 249.0) | 198.5 (151.0, 254.8) | 0.001 |
| NLRa | 6.5 (2.2, 13.5) | 10.4 (5.2, 17.0) | 0.010 |
| INR, [PTt/PTn]ISI | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | <0.001 |
| PTT, sec | 42 (32, 68) | 31 (28, 36) | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mmol/La | 10.4 (7.7, 14.1) | 7.8 (6.8, 9.6) | <0.001 |
a
Highest value in first 24 h (all other values are taken from admission blood draw).
Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range) and categorical variables as n (%).
Bold values indicate statistical significance of p ≤ 0.05.
CT, computed tomography; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; INR, international normalized ratio; ISS, Injury Severity Score; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; MAIS, Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale; MVC, motor vehicle collision; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage.