Table 2. Solubility of VAC constituents in different vehicles (mean ± S.D., n = 3).
Flavonoids (mg/mL) | Iridoids (mg/mL) | |
---|---|---|
Oils | ||
Olive oil | 0.107 ± 0.046 | – |
Triacetin | 0.136 ± 0.036 | – |
Tocopheryl acetate | 0.008 ± 0.001 | – |
Labrafil | 0.014 ± 0.003 | 0.01 |
Sunflower oil | 0.058 ± 0.001 | – |
Hempseed oil | 0.057 ± 0.010 | – |
Almond oil | 0.022 ± 0.006 | – |
Wheat germ oil | 0.066 ± 0.017 | – |
Borage oil | 0.053 ± 0.013 | – |
Oleic acid | 0.082 ± 0.001 | – |
Surfactant/cosurfactant | ||
Tween 20 | 0.080 ± 0.016 | 0.065 ± 0.001 |
Tween 40 | 0.078 ± 0.016 | 0.023 ± 0.005 |
Cremophor EL | 0.367 ± 0.008 | 0.303 ± 0.022 |
Labrasol | 0.178 ± 0.012 | 0.130 ± 0.015 |
Capryol 90 | 0.057 ± 0.011 | 0.019 ± 0.002 |
PEG 400 | 0.214 ± 0.021 | 0.228 ± 0.041 |
Transcutol HP | 0.206 ± 0.008 | 0.123 ± 0.037 |
Ethanol | 0.163 ± 0.017 | 0.142 ± 0.017 |
Propylene glycol | 0.170 ± 0.006 | 0.172 ± 0.062 |
Glycerol | 0.043 ± 0.001 | - |