Table 2. Solubility of VAC constituents in different vehicles (mean ± S.D., n = 3).

	Flavonoids (mg/mL)	Iridoids (mg/mL)
Oils
Olive oil	0.107 ± 0.046	–
Triacetin	0.136 ± 0.036	–
Tocopheryl acetate	0.008 ± 0.001	–
Labrafil	0.014 ± 0.003	0.01
Sunflower oil	0.058 ± 0.001	–
Hempseed oil	0.057 ± 0.010	–
Almond oil	0.022 ± 0.006	–
Wheat germ oil	0.066 ± 0.017	–
Borage oil	0.053 ± 0.013	–
Oleic acid	0.082 ± 0.001	–
Surfactant/cosurfactant
Tween 20	0.080 ± 0.016	0.065 ± 0.001
Tween 40	0.078 ± 0.016	0.023 ± 0.005
Cremophor EL	0.367 ± 0.008	0.303 ± 0.022
Labrasol	0.178 ± 0.012	0.130 ± 0.015
Capryol 90	0.057 ± 0.011	0.019 ± 0.002
PEG 400	0.214 ± 0.021	0.228 ± 0.041
Transcutol HP	0.206 ± 0.008	0.123 ± 0.037
Ethanol	0.163 ± 0.017	0.142 ± 0.017
Propylene glycol	0.170 ± 0.006	0.172 ± 0.062
Glycerol	0.043 ± 0.001	-