Table 1.
Comparisons of kinetic profile of orally, intranasally and intravenously administered borneol in mice using the noncompartmental model.
| i.v. | i.n. | p.o. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plasmaa | |||
| Cmax (μg/mL) | 68.0 ± 8.4 | 25.9 ± 5.0** | 15.6 ± 2.3** |
| Tmax (min) | 1.0 | 3.0 | 10.0 |
| AUC0–120 min (μg·mL−1·min) | 632.3 ± 50.8 | 573.4 ± 77.7 | 271.8 ± 37.4** |
| MRT0–120 min (min) | 12.2 ± 1.6 | 28.2 ± 1.4** | 17.9 ± 2.1** |
| F (%) | 100 | 90.7 | 43.0 |
| Brain | |||
| Cmax (μg/g) | 43.0 ± 5.1 | 9.0 ± 1.4** | 8.5 ± 2.0** |
| Tmax (min) | 1.0 | 3.4 | 10.0 |
| AUC0–120 min (μg·g−1·min) | 505.3 ± 82.9 | 345.5 ± 70.0* | 194.0 ± 23.5** |
| MRT0–120 min (min) | 20.5 ± 8.8 | 49.0 ± 8.3** | 43.6 ± 17.1** |
| Re (%) | 100 | 68.4 | 38.4 |
| Te (%) | 79.9 | 60.3 | 71.4 |
| DTI | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
This table is modified based on Zhao et al. (2012). Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01: versus intravenous group, using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). i.v.: intravenous administration; i.n.: intranasal administration; p.o.: oral administration; Cmax: calculated maximum concentration; Tmax: time corresponding to Cmax; AUC0–120 min: partial area under the curve from 0 to 120 min; MRT0–120 min: mean residence time from 0 to 120 min; F: absolute bioavailability; Re: relative brain targeted coefficient; Te: brain/blood drug ratio; DTI: drug target index.