Table 2.

(A) In-vitro drug release profile of apigenin-loaded nanoemulsion gel and marketed and pure drug suspension in skin Ph 5.5. (B) Release behavior of Apigenin from Nanoemulsion Gel formulations; (C) Permeation and % drug retention data for apigenin loaded nanoemulsion gel, marketed and pure drug suspension across abdominal goatskin.

(A)
		% Cumulative drug release from different formulations
S. No.	Time interval	Pure drug suspension	Nanoemulsion gel	Marketed product
1	0	0	0	0
2	2	12.90 ± 0.56	8.42 ± 2.35	9.35 ± 1.08
3	4	24.67 ± 1.98	18.03 ± 0.65	19.02 ± 0.54
4	6	42.43 ± 2.04	30.75 ± 2.87	32.12 ± 0.24
5	12	56.78 ± 1.34	40.25 ± 1.43	49.58 ± 2.12
6	24	83.24 ± 0.65	52.90 ± 0.95	65.24 ± 1.54
(B)
Formulation	First order		Higuchi		Ritger–Peppas
Nanoemulsion gel	K	R 2	K	R 2	n	R 2
	0.072	.939	0.304	.986	0.642	.955
Marketed product	0.58	.98	0.68	1.02	0.84	1.05
Pure drug suspension	0.67	.99	0.74	1.28	0.96	1.24
(C)
Formulation	Jss (μg/ch−2/h)	P (Ch/h)	LT (h)	Dd (Ch2/h)	% drug retention after 24 h
Pure drug suspension	5.43 ± 1.02	0.249 ± 1.42	2.4	6.5	0.55 ± 0.23
Nanoemulsion gel	6.68 ± 0.46	0.235 ± 1.56	1.8	8.6	0.74 ± 0.05
Marketed product	5.60 ± 0.63	0.224 ± 1.59	2.0	7.0	0.51 ± 0.30

Where, K: Release rate constant; R²: coefficient of determination and n: release exponent.

Where, Jss: transdermal flux, P: permeability coefficient, LT: lag time, D^d: diffusion coefficient