Table 3.
Demographic Characteristics of Patients Admitted for Drug Use–Associated Infective Endocarditis in Pennsylvania Urban and Other Counties
| Patients, No. (%)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Philadelphia (n = 451) | Allegheny County (n = 283) | P Value | Patients in Other Counties, No. (%)a (n = 1187) | P Value |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 34 (29–47) | 34 (20–46) | .53 | 33 (27–43) | <.001 |
| Female sex | 206 (45.7) | 158 (55.8) | .007 | 545 (45.9) | .008 |
| Race | <.001 | <.001 | |||
| White | 294 (65.2) | 239 (84.5) | 1040 (87.62) | ||
| Black | 87 (19.3) | 38 (13.4) | 55 (4.63) | ||
| Asian | 0 (0) | 1 (0.35) | 1 (0.08) | ||
| American Indian | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Biracial | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.34) | ||
| Other | 52 (11.5) | 0 (0) | 35 (2.95) | ||
| Unknown | 18 (4) | 5 (1.8) | 52 (4.38) | ||
| Ethnicity | <.001 | <.001 | |||
| Hispanic | 34 (7.5) | 0 (0) | 63 (5.31) | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 417 (92.5) | 283 (100) | 1124 (94.7) | ||
| Insurance | <.001 | <.001 | |||
| Medicare | 46 (10.2) | 39 (13.8) | 133 (11.2) | ||
| Medicaid | 375 (83.2) | 186 (65.7) | 751 (63.3) | ||
| Commercial | 18 (4) | 38 (13.4) | 234 (19.7) | ||
| Unknown | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.7) | 9 (0.8) | ||
| Uninsured | 10 (2.2) | 18 (6.4) | 42 (3.5) | ||
| HIV positive | 23 (5.1) | 4 (1.4) | .01 | 19 (1.6) | <.001 |
| HCV seropositive | 155 (34.4) | 70 (24.7) | .006 | 296 (24.9) | <.001 |
| Charges, median (IQR), $ | 108 528 (43 895–252 086) | 89 997 (39 528–211 734) | .056 | 77 660 (35 803–198 624) | .001 |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 12 (5–21) | 11 (4–23) | .50 | 9 (4–200) | .006 |
| Discharge status | .01 | <.001 | |||
| In-hospital death | 16 (3.6) | 11 (3.9) | 60 (5) | ||
| SNF/post-acute care facilities | 177 (39.2) | 121 (42.8) | 448 (37.8) | ||
| Home with services | 25 (5.5) | 26 (9.2) | 117 (9.9) | ||
| Home | 115 (25.5) | 61 (21.6) | 342 (28.8) | ||
| AMA | 92 (20.4) | 56 (19.8) | 154 (13) | ||
| Valve replacement | 33 (7.3) | 43 (15.2) | .001 | 141 (11.9) | .003 |
| Multiple valve | 21 (63.6) | 25 (58) | .04 | 72 (51) | .11 |
| Tricuspid | 15 (45.5) | 16 (37.2) | .13 | 35 (25) | .08 |
| Pulmonic | 1 (3.03) | 0 (0) | .43 | 2 (1.4) | .75 |
| Mitral | 9 (27.3) | 17 (39.5) | .004 | 52 (36.9) | .02 |
| Aortic | 12 (36.4) | 16 (37.2) | .04 | 58 (41.1) | .09 |
| Unspecified | 19 (57.6) | 22 (51.2) | .04 | 71 (50) | .13 |
Abbreviations: AMA, against medical advice; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; SNF, skilled nursing facility.
aData represent no. (%) of patients unless otherwise specified.