Table 2.
Baseline values, changes, and group differences in body mass index and secondary body composition measures.
| Changes over 1 year | Changes over 2 years | Changes over 3 years | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline, Mean (SD)a | Slope, Mean (SD)b | Adjusted MMM-HE difference over 1 year (95% CI)c | Standardized Effect Size (Cohen’s d) | Slope, Mean (SD) b | Adjusted MMM-HE difference over 2 years (95% CI) c | Standardized Effect Size (Cohen’s d) | Slope, Mean (SD) b | Adjusted MMM-HE difference over 3 years (95% CI) c | Standardized Effect Size (Cohen’s d) | |||||
| MMM | HE | MMM | HE | MMM | HE | MMM | HE | |||||||
| Body Mass Index, BMI (kg/m2) | 25.26 (4.04) | 24.86 (3.87) | 0.47 (1.49) | 1.17 (1.15) | −0.73 (−1.07, −0.39) | d=0.55 | 0.81 (1.01) | 1.10 (0.95) | −0.63 (−1.13, −0.14) | d=0.33 | 1.05 (0.88) | 1.11 (0.83) | −0.25 (−0.90, 0.40) | d=0.10 |
| Percent of median BMI for age and sex | 152.64 (23.78) | 150.03 (22.31) | −1.95 (8.83) | 2.25 (6.63) | −4.33 (−6.32, −2.34) | d=0.55 | −0.17 (5.72) | 1.58 (5.34) | −3.68 (−6.49, −0.87) | d=0.33 | 0.92 (4.80) | 1.40 (4.51) | −1.60 (−5.18, 1.98) | d=0.11 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 86.18 (11.00) | 84.68 (10.61) | 2.62 (4.19) | 4.34 (3.48) | −1.68 (−2.65, −0.70) | d=0.44 | 3.20 (2.78) | 4.00 (2.76) | −1.56 (−2.96, −0.15) | d=0.28 | 3.42 (2.46) | 3.72 (2.37) | −0.93 (−2.79, 0.93) | d=0.13 |
| Waist-to-Height Ratio | 0.62 (0.06) | 0.61 (0.06) | −0.0069 (0.0300) | 0.0051 (0.0251) | −0.0116 (−0.0185, −0.0046) | d=0.42 | −0.0018 (0.0191) | 0.0032 (0.0192) | −0.0095 (−0.0191, 0.0002) | d=0.25 | 0.0010 (0.0157) | 0.0026 (0.0155) | −0.0050 (−0.0170, 0.0070) | d=0.11 |
| Triceps Skinfold (mm) | 24.02 (5.52) | 22.86 (5.05) | −0.88 (3.91) | 1.04 (3.74) | −1.63 (−2.57, −0.69) | d=0.44 | 0.04 (2.30) | 0.77 (2.24) | −1.14 (−2.25, −0.03) | d=0.26 | 0.42 (1.82) | 0.65 (1.61) | −0.47 (−1.78, 0.84) | d=0.09 |
| Estimated Percent Body Fat | 41.39 (4.27) | 40.57 (4.20) | −0.66 (2.55) | 0.68 (2.34) | −1.29 (−1.91, −0.67) | d=0.53 | −0.08 (1.81) | 0.44 (1.84) | −1.06 (−1.99, −0.13) | d=0.29 | 0.13 (1.48) | 0.30 (1.46) | −0.50 (−1.63, 0.63) | d=0.11 |
Baseline data from all participants, N = 120 for MMM and N= 121 for Health Education for all variables at baseline
Unadjusted slopes calculated from all participants with follow-up data, N= 120 for MMM and N = 118 for Health Education for BMI measures, N= 120 for MMM and N = 117 for Health Education for waist circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, estimated percent body fat.
Adjusted MMM minus Health Education differences from linear trajectories (slopes) for each individual regressed on intervention group assignment (centered), with the baseline value (centered at its mean) and the Intervention x baseline interaction as covariates, using standard maximum likelihood linear regression techniques. Consistent with intent-to-treat principles, trajectories for children with only a baseline measure were imputed using a joint modeling multiple imputation approach as implemented in SAS using PROC MI (version 9.4). Thus, N= 120 for MMM and 121 for Health Education, for all outcomes.