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. 2021 May 5;2(1):122–131. doi: 10.1089/pmr.2021.0004

Table 2.

Prevalence and Use of Opioids According to C-Reactive Protein Levels

  Total (n = 1513) CRP <1 (n = 234) 1 ≤ CRP <5 (n = 513) 5 ≤ CRP <10 (n = 352) 10 ≤ CRP (n = 414)
Types of opioids, n (%)
 None 526 (34.8) 117 (50.0) 203 (39.6) 104 (29.5) 102 (24.6)
 Morphine 291 (19.2) 36 (15.4) 88 (17.2) 71 (20.2) 96 (23.2)
 Oxycodone 412 (27.2) 42 (17.9) 121 (23.6) 108 (30.7) 141 (34.1)
 Fentanyl 244 (16.1) 32 (13.7) 85 (16.6) 56 (15.9) 71 (17.1)
 Tramadol 44 (2.9) 7 (3.0) 17 (3.3) 10 (2.8) 10 (2.4)
 Codeine, tapentadol, hydromorphone, or methadone 42 (2.8) 6 (2.6) 13 (2.5) 14 (4.0) 9 (2.2)
Administration routes of opioids, n (%)
 Oral 340 (22.5) 51 (21.8) 112 (21.8) 87 (24.7) 90 (21.7)
 Patch 183 (12.1) 26 (11.1) 62 (12.1) 45 (12.8) 50 (12.1)
 Subcutaneous or intravenous 500 (33.1) 46 (19.6) 143 (27.9) 129 (36.6) 182 (44.0)
 Suppository or buccal 9 (0.6) 1 (0.4) 4 (0.8) 1 (0.3) 3 (0.7)
 Opioid oral morphine milligram equivalent (mg/day), mean (SD) 45.5 (90.6) 24.8 (47.8) 41.3 (75.7) 60.5 (134.2) 49.5 (76.6)

The sums of some percentages were >100% because of the concurrent use of two or more types of opioids.