Table 2.
Prevalence and Use of Opioids According to C-Reactive Protein Levels
| Total (n = 1513) | CRP <1 (n = 234) | 1 ≤ CRP <5 (n = 513) | 5 ≤ CRP <10 (n = 352) | 10 ≤ CRP (n = 414) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Types of opioids, n (%) | |||||
| None | 526 (34.8) | 117 (50.0) | 203 (39.6) | 104 (29.5) | 102 (24.6) |
| Morphine | 291 (19.2) | 36 (15.4) | 88 (17.2) | 71 (20.2) | 96 (23.2) |
| Oxycodone | 412 (27.2) | 42 (17.9) | 121 (23.6) | 108 (30.7) | 141 (34.1) |
| Fentanyl | 244 (16.1) | 32 (13.7) | 85 (16.6) | 56 (15.9) | 71 (17.1) |
| Tramadol | 44 (2.9) | 7 (3.0) | 17 (3.3) | 10 (2.8) | 10 (2.4) |
| Codeine, tapentadol, hydromorphone, or methadone | 42 (2.8) | 6 (2.6) | 13 (2.5) | 14 (4.0) | 9 (2.2) |
| Administration routes of opioids, n (%) | |||||
| Oral | 340 (22.5) | 51 (21.8) | 112 (21.8) | 87 (24.7) | 90 (21.7) |
| Patch | 183 (12.1) | 26 (11.1) | 62 (12.1) | 45 (12.8) | 50 (12.1) |
| Subcutaneous or intravenous | 500 (33.1) | 46 (19.6) | 143 (27.9) | 129 (36.6) | 182 (44.0) |
| Suppository or buccal | 9 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 4 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.7) |
| Opioid oral morphine milligram equivalent (mg/day), mean (SD) | 45.5 (90.6) | 24.8 (47.8) | 41.3 (75.7) | 60.5 (134.2) | 49.5 (76.6) |
The sums of some percentages were >100% because of the concurrent use of two or more types of opioids.