Table 7.
Odds Ratios of Breakthrough Pain by C-Reactive Protein Levels (n = 1509)
| Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p | |
| CRP (mg/dL) | ||||||
| CRP <1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 1 ≤ CRP <5 | 1.09 (0.79–1.51) | 0.59 | 1.11 (0.80–1.55) | 0.53 | 0.92 (0.65–1.31) | 0.66 |
| 5 ≤ CRP <10 | 1.28 (0.91–1.81) | 0.16 | 1.25 (0.88–1.77) | 0.22 | 0.92 (0.63–1.33) | 0.64 |
| 10 ≤ CRP | 1.45 (1.04–2.02) | 0.03 | 1.37 (0.97–1.93) | 0.08 | 0.99 (0.69–1.44) | 0.97 |
| Opioids (mg/day) | ||||||
| 0 | — | — | — | — | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 0–60 | — | — | — | — | 3.29 (2.49–4.35) | <0.001 |
| 60 ≤ | — | — | — | — | 7.47 (5.39–10.36) | <0.001 |
To evaluate the relationship between the four CRP groups and breakthrough pain (presence or absence), ORs and 95% CIs were calculated after adjustments for independent variables, such as age, gender, metastasis, chemotherapy or targeted therapy within one month, the ECOG PS, and the opioid oral morphine milligram equivalent.