Table 2.
Factors associated with COVID-19 in RA patients
| Parameters | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age ≥ 65 | 0.80 (0.50–1.29) | 0.361 | ||
| Female sex | 1.60 (0.94–2.72) | 0.062 | 2.03 (1.10–3.72) | 0.023 |
| Obese | 2.63 (1.6–4.19) | 0.001 | 3.01 (1.92–4.73) | 0.001 |
| Being a smoker | 0.32 (0.10–0.95) | 0.041 | 0.55 (0.18–1.84) | 0.310 |
| Diabetes | 2.19 (1.29–3.71) | 0.003 | 1.77 (1.01–3.12) | 0.050 |
| Hypertension | 1.18 (0.76–1.96) | 0.428 | ||
| Pulmonary diseases | 4.12 (1.67–10.19) | 0.002 | 3.74 (1.29–10.77) | 0.014 |
| Heart disease | 1.36 (0.39–4.68) | 0.713 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 5.52 (1.17–18.41) | 0.005 | 4.35 (1.09–17.40) | 0.038 |
| Malignancy | 3.39 (0.87–13.56) | 0.080 | 2.17 (0.41–11.49) | 0.362 |
| Active disease | 1.28 (0.77–2.12) | 0.338 | ||
| Disease duration > 10 years | 1.41 (0.95–2.09) | 0.085 | 1.01 (0.64–1.61) | 0.956 |
| NSAIDs | 0.79 (0.58–1.12) | 0.167 | ||
| Prednisolone dose > 5 mg/d | 1.92 (1.25–2.95) | 0.003 | 2.58 (1.57–4.25) | 0.001 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0.69 (0.45–1.06) | 0.090 | 0.84 (0.49–1.43) | 0.524 |
| Methotrexate | 0.82 (0.54–1.25) | 0.361 | ||
| Sulfasalazine | 1.79 (1.09–2.94) | 0.022 | 1.38 (0.77–2.46) | 0.279 |
| Leflunomide | 1.31 (0.80–2.13) | 0.280 | ||
| TNFis | 3.93 (2.08–7.42) | 0.001 | 5.28 (2.62–10.65) | 0.001 |
We bolded significant P-values (p < 0.05)
*Backward stepwise method was used
RA, rheumatoid arthritis; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; TNFis, TNFα inhibitors