Table 1.
Comparison of Characteristics of Unmatched and Propensity-Matched Patients
| Characteristic | Age Group Matching* | Unmatched | Propensity Matched | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treated | Not Treated | Treated | Not Treated | ||||
| (N = 463) | (N = 10438) | P Value | (N = 232) | (N = 1160) | P Value | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | A, B, C | 66.3 (14.4) | 55.8 (18.9) | <.001 | 67.3 (13.0) | 67.1 (13.4) | .91 |
| Female sex (No.), % | A, B, C | (247) 53.3 | (6219) 59.6 | .008 | (124) 53.4 | (650) 56.0 | .47 |
| Black race (No.), % | B, C | (26) 5.7 | (752) 7.2 | .22 | (12) 5.2 | (70) 6.0 | .61 |
| Charlson comorbidity index score, mean (SD) | A, B, C | 1.7 (1.8) | 0.9 (1.3) | <.001 | 1.6 (1.7) | 1.5 (1.7) | .46 |
| Pittsburgh as city of residence (No.), % | C | (79) 26.2 | (1778) 17.0 | <.001 | (64) 27.6 | (281) 24.2 | .28 |
| Allegheny as county of residence (No.), % | A, B, C | (150) 49.7 | (3345) 32.1 | <.001 | (119) 51.3 | (560) 48.3 | .40 |
| History of morbid obesity (No.), % | A, B, C | (65) 27.4 | (2668) 25.6 | .52 | (61) 26.3 | (278) 24.0 | .45 |
| History of end stage renal disease (No.), % | A, B | (7) 3.0 | (95) 0.9 | .001 | (6) 2.6 | (31) 2.7 | .94 |
| History of adrenal insufficiency (No.), % | A | (18) 7.6 | (384) 3.7 | .002 | (18) 7.8 | (75) 6.5 | .47 |
| History of irritable bowel syndrome (No.), % | A | (23) 9.7 | (651) 6.2 | .03 | (22) 9.5 | (103) 8.9 | .77 |
| History of cirrhosis (No.), % | B | (12) 3.0 | (92) 0.9 | <.001 | (7) 3.0 | (17) 1.5 | .10 |
| History of obstructive sleep apnea (No.), % | C | (124) 30.5 | (2007) 19.2 | <.001 | (70) 30.2 | (292) 25.2 | .11 |
| History of asthma (No.), % | C | (171) 42.1 | (3859) 37.0 | .04 | (104) 44.8 | (501) 43.2 | .65 |
| History of COPD (No.), % | C | (101) 24.9 | (1881) 18.0 | <.001 | (60) 25.9 | (285) 24.6 | .68 |
| History of GERD (No.), % | C | (112) 47.3 | (3554) 34.1 | <.001 | (110) 47.4 | (541) 46.6 | .83 |
| History of atrial fibrillation (No.), % | C | (61) 15.0 | (620) 5.9 | <.001 | (34) 14.7 | (133) 11.5 | .17 |
| History of hyperlipidemia (No.), % | C | (179) 75.5 | (5474) 24.5 | <.001 | (176) 75.9 | (854) 73.6 | .48 |
| History of major bleed (No.), % | C | (74) 31.2 | (2145) 20.6 | <.001 | (73) 31.5 | (348) 30.0 | .66 |
| History of vascular disease (No.), % | C | (22) 9.3 | (400) 3.8 | <.001 | (20) 8.6 | (104) 9.0 | .87 |
| Prednisone (No.), % | A | (18) 7.6 | (1307) 12.5 | .02 | (17) 7.3 | (119) 10.3 | .17 |
| DOACS (No.), % | B | (28) 11.8 | (581) 5.6 | <.001 | (26) 11.2 | (119) 10.3 | .67 |
| Hydroxychloroquine (No.), % | B | (9) 3.8 | (163) 1.6 | .007 | (9) 3.9 | (31) 2.7 | .32 |
| Immunomodulators (No.), % | B | (9) 3.8 | (168) 1.6 | .009 | (8) 3.4 | (25) 2.2 | .24 |
| Statins (No.), % | B | (140) 59.1 | (3983) 38.2 | <.001 | (136) 58.6 | (654) 56.4 | .53 |
| Current tobacco use (No.), % | Not matched | (17) 7.2 | (962) 9.3 | .27 | (16) 6.9 | (81) 7.0 | .95 |
| Alcohol use (No.), % | Not matched | (126) 53.8 | (5107) 51.3 | .45 | (124) 54.1 | (551) 48.1 | .10 |
| Illicit drug use (No.), % | Not matched | (7) 1.5 | (283) 2.7 | .12 | (6) 2.6 | (28) 2.4 | .88 |
| History of diabetes (No.), % | Not matched | (123) 30.3 | (2342) 22.4 | <.001 | (76) 32.8 | (369) 31.8 | .78 |
| History of hypertension (No.), % | Not matched | (277) 68.2 | (5310) 50.9 | <.001 | (171) 73.7 | (792) 68.3 | .10 |
| History of coronary artery disease (No.), % | Not matched | (79) 19.5 | (1281) 12.3 | <.001 | (46) 19.8 | (250) 21.5 | .56 |
| History of congestive heart failure (No.), % | Not matched | (55) 13.5 | (692) 6.6 | <.001 | (34) 14.7 | (148) 12.7 | .43 |
| History of pulmonary hypertension (No.), % | Not matched | (20) 4.9 | (194) 1.9 | <.001 | (15) 6.5 | (44) 3.8 | .07 |
| ACE inhibitors (No.), % | Not matched | (52) 21.9 | (1937) 18.6 | .19 | (50) 21.5 | (257) 22.2 | .84 |
| Antidepressants (No.), % | Not matched | (77) 32.5 | (3452) 33.1 | .85 | (75) 32.3 | (393) 33.9 | .65 |
| Beta blockers (No.), % | Not matched | (90) 38.0 | (2567) 24.6 | <.001 | (86) 37.1 | (397) 34.2 | .41 |
| Corticosteroids (No.), % | Not matched | (156) 38.4 | (4685) 44.9 | .01 | (86) 37.1 | (476) 41.0 | .26 |
| TNF inhibitors (No.), % | Not matched | (0) 0.0 | (102) 1.0 | .18 | (0) 0.0 | (19) 1.6 | .06 |
| Asthma biologics (No.), % | Not matched | (0) 0.0 | (20) 0.2 | >.99 | (0) 0.0 | (4) 0.3 | >.99 |
| History of chronic kidney disease (No.), % | Not matched | (18) 4.4 | 188 (1.8) | .001 | (9) 3.9 | (53) 4.6 | .73 |
| History of sickle cell disease (No.), % | Not matched | (0) 0.0 | (0) 0.0 | >.99 | (0) 0.0 | (0) 0.0 | >.99 |
| History of cancer (No.), % | Not matched | (84) 20.7 | (1465) 14.0 | <.001 | (63) 27.2 | (277) 23.9 | .32 |
| History of chemotherapy (No.), % | Not matched | (31) 6.7 | 434 (4.2) | .01 | (19) 8.2 | (78) 6.7 | .40 |
| History of bone marrow transplant (No.), % | Not matched | 2 (0.4) | (23) 0.2 | .29 | 2 (0.9) | (1) 0.1 | .07 |
| History of stem cell receipt (No.), % | Not matched | 2 (0.4) | (7) 0.1 | .05 | 2 (0.9) | (0) 0.0 | .03 |
| History of transplant (No.), % | Not matched | 12 (2.6) | (56) 0.5 | <.001 | (3) 1.3 | (14) 1.2 | >.99 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DOACS, direct oral anticoagulants; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; SD, standard deviation; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
*A, age <55 years; B, age 55 to <65 years; C, age 65 years and older.
NOTE: Missing values exist for some variables within the nonmatched cohort.