Figure 1.

Role of phytochemicals involved in neuroprotection against neurodegeneration. Phytochemicals or neurotrophins bind to Trk receptor that subsequently activates PL-Cγ, Ras/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Then, these signaling cascades trigger CREB that ultimately plays a pivotal role in protecting neurons to combat neurodegeneration. Furthermore, phytochemicals or neurotrophins also attach with NGF-p75NTR receptor and activate bidirectional cell survival and apoptosis through NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways.