Table 1.
Association between clinical categorical variables and HPD for immunotherapy-treated patients (n, %).
| Variable | Non-HPD (n = 339) | HPD (n = 38) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 0.696 | ||
| ≥60 | 145 (42.8) | 15 (39.5) | |
| <60 | 194 (57.2) | 23 (60.5) | |
| Smoking history | 0.091 | ||
| Ever-smoker | 138 (40.9) | 21 (55.3) | |
| Never-smoker | 199 (59.1) | 17 (44.7) | |
| Missing | 2 | 0 | |
| Smoking exposure (pack-years) | 0.737 | ||
| >30 | 89 (26.4) | 11 (28.9) | |
| ≤30 | 248 (73.6) | 27 (71.1) | |
| Missing | 2 | ||
| Surgical history | 0.800 | ||
| Yes | 159 (46.9) | 17 (44.7) | |
| No | 180 (53.1) | 21 (55.3) | |
| PD-L1 positivity | 0.173 | ||
| Positive | 185 (64.0) | 20 (52.6) | |
| Negative | 104 (36.0) | 18 (47.4) | |
| Missing | 50 | 0 | |
| Response to line before immunotherapy | 0.034 | ||
| PR | 9 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| SD | 125 (36.9) | 7 (18.4) | |
| PD | 205 (60.5) | 31 (81.6) | |
| Number of metastatic sites | 0.000 | ||
| 0-1 | 227 (67.0) | 14 (36.8) | |
| ≥2 | 112 (33.0) | 24 (63.2) | |
| ECOG performance status | 0.007 | ||
| ≥2 | 12 (3.5) | 5 (13.2) | |
| 0-1 | 327 (96.5) | 33 (86.8) | |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio | 0.726 | ||
| >3 | 124 (36.6) | 15 (39.5) | |
| ≤3 | 215 (63.4) | 23 (60.5) | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase level | 0.028 | ||
| ≤upper limit of normal | 222 (65.5) | 18 (47.4) | |
| >upper limit of normal | 117 (34.5) | 20 (52.6) | |
| Liver metastasis | 0.000 | ||
| Present | 97 (28.6) | 24 (63.2) | |
| Absent | 242 (71.4) | 14 (36.8) |
HPD: hyperprogressive disease; PD-L1: programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease; PD: progressive disease; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.