Table 4.

Reported tyrosinase inhibitory phytoconstituents in mulberry.

Species/part	Compound	Extract	Salient findings	Reference
M. nigra/roots	Moracin N, kuwanon H, morachalcone A, mulberrofuran G, 5′-geranyl-5′,7′,20′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone, steppogenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside.	Ethanol	IC50 of Isolated compounds showed better tyrosinase inhibitory activities than kojic acid	Zheng et al., 2010
M. alba/ twig	Morusone, steppogenin, 2, 2,2′,4′,tetrahydroxychalcone, morachalcone,oxyresveratrol and moracin	Ethanol	Potential natural tyrosinase inhibitors in cosmetics as skin-whitening agents	Zhang et al., 2016
M. alba/twigs/roots	Maclurin and morin	Ethanol	The anti-tyrosinae activity of twigs was better than roots	Chang et al., 2011
M. alba/leave	Mulberroside F	Hydroalcoholic	Isolated compound showed inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and on the melanin formation of melan-a cells	Lee et al., 2002
M. alba/leave	Moracin J	Ethanol	The isolated compound could be utilized to inhibit melanin production through the regulation of melanogenesis-related protein expression	Li et al., 2018
M. alba/root	Oxyresveratrol, oxyresveratrol-3-O-glucoside, and mulberroside	Ethanol	Inhibited the pigmentation in guinea pig skin when applied topically without causing any eye irritation and skin sensitization	Park et al., 2011
M. alba/wood	Oxyresveratrol, trans-dihydromorin, and 2,4,3′ -trihydroxydihydrostilbene	Methanol	Suppressed melanogenesis in the zebrafish model hence can be used in treating the disorders associated with melanin pigment	Chaita et al., 2017
M. australis/stem	Austraone	Ethanol	Isolated new compound exhibited moderate tyrosinase inhibitory activity	Zheng et al., 2012