. 2021 Mar 27;28(7):3835–3846. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.050

Table 1.

Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content (TTC), total terpenoid content (TTEC), total alkaloid content (TAC), α-amylase, α-glucosidase and acetylcholine esterase inhibitory activities from leaves and fruits of Luffa echinata.

Solvent	Plant part	Phytochemicals Bioactivities
Solvent	Plant part	TPC^a	TFC^b	TTC^b	TTEC^c	TAC^d	α-amylase^e	α-glucosidase^e	Acetylcholine esterase^f
Acetone	Leaf	189.57 ± 1.9^a	30.48 ± 0.7^a	8.18 ± 0.1^b	541.09 ± 2.2^b	18.99 ± 0.8^a	53.17 ± 3.9^d	15.11 ± 0.7 ^fg	55.14 ± 6.1^de
Acetone	Fruit	95.72 ± 5.8^d	11.28 ± 0.5^c	5.76 ± 0.4^d	602.79 ± 3.5^a	8.33 ± 0.5^d	76.59 ± 3.5^ab	60.66 ± 1.0^c	81.87 ± 0.9^a
Acetonitrile	Leaf	70.87 ± 1.4^f	13.55 ± 0.3^b	13.11 ± 0.07^a	305.12 ± 2.8^c	16.67 ± 0.1^b	83.33 ± 3.9^a	64.65 ± 1.5^b	63.60 ± 3.7^bc
Acetonitrile	Fruit	81.30 ± 3.9^e	8.29 ± 0.7^d	2.80 ± 0.3^f	173.33 ± 2.0^d	19.96 ± 0.9^a	6.35 ± 1.5^f	77.42 ± 1.4^a	47.43 ± 0.9^e
Ethanol	Leaf	101.67 ± 1.9 ^cd	6.64 ± 0.2^e	4.09 ± 0.2^e	84.96 ± 2.9^f	7.75 ± 0.5 ^cd	76.59 ± 3.5^ab	24.18 ± 1.3^e	52.57 ± 2.7^e
Ethanol	Fruit	79.28 ± 2.1^e	2.69 ± 0.2^f	3.71 ± 0.07^e	84.65 ± 0.9^f	5.81 ± 0.3^d	54.37 ± 1.1^d	40.20 ± 1.2^d	48.94 ± 0.3^e
Methanol	Leaf	145.43 ± 2.1^b	13.96 ± 0.8^b	13.79 ± 0.2^a	112.25 ± 2.2^e	9.50 ± 0.5^c	61.51 ± 1.1 ^cd	10.31 ± 1.3 ^h	71.15 ± 1.05^b
Methanol	Fruit	104.86 ± 0.6^c	6.42 ± 0.1^e	7.88 ± 0.1^b	89.30 ± 4.1^f	7.56 ± 0.6 ^cd	67.86 ± 0.3^bc	40.46 ± 0.9^d	48.49 ± 0.7^e
Water	Leaf	58.04 ± 0.8 ^g	1.81 ± 0.5^f	8.18 ± 0.2^b	22.95 ± 4.0 ^h	6.40 ± 0.6^d	ND	16.73 ± 0.09^f	88.91 ± 0.9^a
Water	Fruit	38.70 ± 1.8 ^h	0.06 ± 0.02 ^g	7.12 ± 0.3^c	39.07 ± 1.8 ^g	8.14 ± 0.8^c	18.65 ± 3.5^e	11.79 ± 1.5^gh	62.70 ± 1.3 ^cd

Values were the means of three replicates ± Standard Error (SE). Mean value with different alphabets in column were showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) according to Duncan multiple range test.

(mg TAE/g extract), ^b(mg CE/g extract), ^c(mg UAE/g extract), ^d(mg GE/g extract). TAE: Tannic acid equivalent, CE: Catechin equivalent, UAA: Ursolic acid equivalent, GE: Galantamine equivalent. ^e % inhibition at standard acarbose at 100 μg – 36.84%, ^facetylcholine esterase inhibition at standard galanthamine (3 μg) − 32.41%, ND – Not defined.