Fig. 1.

Chronic As³⁺ exposure leads to altered growth rate and EMT. A Impact of As³⁺ exposure on cumulative HaCaT cell population doubling. Quadruplicate independent HaCaT cell cultures were incubated with 0 or 100 nM As³⁺_. Population doublings were calculated and the means ± SD of cumulative doubling at each passage were plotted. Statistical analysis was done by two-way ANOVA, *p ≤ 0.05. B Immunoblot for EMT markers at 7, 19 and 28-wk time points in HaCaT cells exposed to 100 nM As³⁺ or passage matched unexposed controls. C Densitometric analysis of EMT marker expression at 7-wk. D Densitometric analysis of EMT marker expression at 19- wk. E Densitometric analysis of EMT marker expression at 28-wk. Protein expression data in panels C-E are plotted as means ± SD and expressed as % mean unexposed. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired two-tailed t-test; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001