Table 1.
Some examples of NPs applied in clinic and clinical trials
| Drugs | Company | Materials in cargoes | Modification | Application | Clinical stage | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipid-based NPs | ||||||
| Doxil | Janssen | mRNA, Small molecule, photothermal Agent, Cyclic dinucleotide, protein, siRNA, pDNA | Surface modification, charge | Kaposi's sarcoma, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma | Phase III | 44-50 |
| DaunoXome | Galen | Kaposi's sarcoma | Phase III | |||
| AmBisome | Gilead Sciences | Fungal/protozoal infections | Phase III | |||
| Onpattro | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | Transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis | Phase III | |||
| BNT162b2 | BioNTech/Pfizer | COVID-19 | Phase II | |||
| Polymer-based NPs | 51-59 | |||||
| Oncaspar | Servier Pharmaceuticals | Small molecule, Protein, gRNA, ssDNA, Anti-sense RNA, Cyclic dinucleotide, siRNA | Surface modification, Shape | Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia | Phase III | |
| Plegridy | Biogen | Multiple sclerosis | Phase III | |||
| Eligard | Tolmar | Prostate cancer | Phase III | |||
| Inorganic NPs | ||||||
| INFeD | Allergan | Small molecule, imaging agent, Neoantigen, adjuvant, Photosensitizer, NPs for magnetic Hyperthermia, miRNA, siRNA |
Surface modification | Iron-deficient anaemia | Phase III | 60-65 |
| DexFerrum | American Regent | Iron-deficient anaemia | Phase III | |||
| Feraheme | AMAG | Iron deficiency in chronic kidney disease | Phase III | |||
| Carbon NPs | ||||||
| NA | Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen | RNA-Lyse, small molecular | Surface modification, charge | COVID-19, viral infectious diseases | NA | 31 |