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. 2021 Jun 29;11:13535. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92985-4

Table 1.

Sociodemographic and health history by study group.

COVID-19
Positive Negative
n (%)/M (SD) n (%)/M (SD)
Maternal age 31.69 ± 5.03 31.78 ± 4.61
Education
Bachelor’s degree or higher 58 (85%) 1,657 (76%)
No Bachelor’s degree 10 (15%) 517 (24%)
Marital status
Married or domestic partnership 60 (88%) 1984 (91%)
Single 8 (12%) 190 (9%)
Household income
 < $20,000 3 (4%) 75 (3%)
$20,000–$99,999 19 (28%) 916 (42%)
$100,000–$300,000 40 (59%) 1084 (50%)
 > $300,000 6 (9%) 99 (5%)
Race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white 59 (87%) 1940 (89%)
Other 9 (13%) 234 (11%)
Primiparity 39 (57%) 1168 (54%)
Prior mental health problems 19 (28%) 691 (32%)
Prior pregnancy complications
Miscarriage 25 (37%) 622 (29%)
Stillbirth 1 (1%) 26 (1%)
Premature delivery 2 (3%) 95 (4%)
Trauma history (i.e., sexual assault) 5 (7%) 226 (10%)
Postpartum months 1.71 ± 1.35 1.93 ± 1.49
Place of residence
United States of America 54 (80%) 1891 (88%)
Canada 5 (7%) 80 (4%)
United Kingdom 1 (1%) 31 (1%)
Europe 3 (4%) 38 (2%)
Oceania (Australia/New Zealand) 2 (3%) 84 (4%)
Africa 4 (0.1%)
Middle East 8 (0.3%)
Asia 5 (0.2%)
Central/South America 3 (4%) 6 (0.2%)
Caribbean 6 (0.2%)

Premature delivery based on gestation age < 37; postpartum months refer to time since delivery and survey completion. Variables listed were used in the statistical matching procedure.