6. Direction of effects in cohort studies.

Study	Intervention	Control	Direction of effect (↑: increased benefit; ↔ equivocal; ↓ decreased benefit)
	Non‐outbreak setting
	Number of close contacts identified
Leecaster 2016	5592a	711b	↑
Mastrandrea 2015	488	287	↑
Smieszek 2014	1074c	392d	↑
	Outbreak setting
	Number of close contacts identified
Danquah 2019	36e	16e	↑
	Mean duration of time from case registration to contact assignment
Danquah 2019	4.3 hours	23.4 hours	↑
	Mean duration of total time from case registration to first visit of contacts
Danquah 2019	73.2 hours	70.2 hours	↓
	Median time spent for data management per close contact
Ha 2016	2.8 minutesf	5.0 minutesf	↑
Helmich 2017	45a	13b	↑

^aNumber of recorded contacts by device/intervention only.
^bNumber of recorded contacts by self‐report/control only.
^cThe number of close contacts 15 minutes or more identified with device.
^dThe number of close contacts 15 minutes or more identified through self‐report.
^eAverage contacts per case.
^fMedian time spent with contacts of adult cases.