Table 2.
Characteristics of the study sample.
| High inferred rice consumption | Low inferred rice consumption | |
|---|---|---|
| n = 2522 | n = 10,087 | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1485 (58.9%) | 3686 (36.5%) |
| Female | 1037 (41.1%) | 6401 (63.5%) |
| Mean age in years (SD) | 45 (14) | 46 (14) |
| Enrollment site | ||
| Bronx | 502 (19.9%) | 2711 (26.9%) |
| Chicago | 491 (19.5%) | 2572 (25.5%) |
| Miami | 1233 (48.9%) | 2197 (21.8%) |
| San Diego | 296 (11.7%) | 2607 (25.8%) |
| Genetic ancestry | ||
| Mexican | 516 (20.5%) | 4148 (41.1%) |
| Central American | 316 (12.5%) | 1064 (10.5%) |
| Dominican | 178 (7.1%) | 991 (9.8%) |
| Puerto Rican | 394 (15.6%) | 1837 (18.2%) |
| Cuban | 860 (34.1%) | 1389 (13.8%) |
| South American | 258 (10.2%) | 658 (6.5%) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 1395 (55.3%) | 6140 (60.9%) |
| Former | 514 (20.4%) | 2011 (19.9%) |
| Current | 613 (24.3%) | 1936 (19.2%) |
| Asthma history | ||
| No history | 2076 (82.3%) | 8339 (82.7%) |
| Asthma in past | 218 (8.6%) | 679 (6.7%) |
| Current asthma | 173 (6.9%) | 862 (8.5%) |
| Missing | 55 (2.2%) | 207 (2.1%) |
| Asthmatic medication use | ||
| Yes | 140 (5.6%) | 759 (7.5%) |
| Mean FEV1, mL (SD) | 3078 (835) | 2801 (785) |
| Mean FVC, mL (SD) | 3847 (980) | 3490 (935) |
| Mean PEF, mL/s(SD) | 7922 (2061) | 7217 (1938) |
| Mean FEV1/FVC, percent (SD) | 80 (7) | 80 (7) |
SD standard deviation, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC forced vital capacity, PEF peak expiratory flow.