Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with having a high Digital Overuse and Addiction Traits (DOAT) score.
| Failed to cut down | Restless when stopped using | Negative impact on home/social | Negative impact on work* | Higher DOAT∧ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | AOR (95% CI) | P | AOR (95% CI) | P | AOR (95% CI) | P | AOR (95% CI) | P | AOR (95% CI) | ||
| Lower mental well-being (Ref = No) | Yes | 0.198 | 1.35 (0.86–2.12) | 0.003 | 2.14 (1.29–3.57) | 0.403 | 1.31 (0.69–2.50) | 0.014 | 2.25 (1.18–4.31) | 0.003 | 2.15 (1.30–3.55) |
| Social media use Tertiles | (Ref) Low | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.712 | 0.667 | 0.032 | |||||
| Moderate | 0.192 | 1.39 (0.85–2.26) | 0.028 | 2.04 (1.08–3.84) | 0.919 | 1.04 (0.48–2.27) | 0.422 | 1.38 (0.63–3.04) | 0.373 | 1.32 (0.72–2.45) | |
| High | 0.005 | 2.11 (1.25–3.56) | 0.003 | 2.80 (1.41–5.56) | 0.517 | 1.31 (0.58–2.93) | 0.774 | 1.13 (0.48–2.66) | 0.018 | 2.17 (1.14–4.14) | |
| Internet access frequency Tertiles | (Ref) Low | 0.013 | 0.223 | 0.246 | 0.077 | 0.002 | |||||
| Moderate | 0.499 | 1.15 (0.77–1.72) | 0.785 | 1.07 (0.66–1.75) | 0.318 | 0.73 (0.39–1.36) | 0.282 | 1.45 (0.74–2.83) | 0.513 | 1.18 (0.72–1.94) | |
| High | 0.005 | 1.91 (1.21–3.01) | 0.109 | 1.57 (0.90–2.74) | 0.491 | 1.27 (0.64–2.51) | 0.025 | 2.29 (1.11–4.73) | 0.001 | 2.44 (1.42–4.17) | |
| Current smoker (Ref = No) | Yes | 0.526 | 1.15 (0.74–1.78) | 0.712 | 1.11 (0.65–1.88) | 0.251 | 1.43 (0.78–2.65) | 0.817 | 1.09 (0.53–2.23) | 0.512 | 1.19 (0.71–1.98) |
| Binge drinker (Ref = No) | Yes | 0.761 | 1.07 (0.70–1.64) | 0.220 | 1.36 (0.83–2.24) | 0.574 | 1.20 (0.64–2.22) | 0.667 | 1.15 (0.61–2.18) | 0.397 | 1.24 (0.76–2.03) |
| Age (years) | 18–29 | <0.001 | 4.15 (2.07–8.34) | 0.076 | 2.02 (0.93–4.40) | 0.001 | 7.80 (2.27–26.86) | 0.018 | 4.08 (1.28–13.02) | 0.012 | 2.94 (1.27–6.85) |
| 30–39 | <0.001 | 4.22 (2.18–8.16) | 0.548 | 1.26 (0.60–2.66) | <0.001 | 9.27 (2.83–30.41) | 0.086 | 2.70 (0.87–8.37) | 0.007 | 2.97 (1.34–6.60) | |
| 40–49 | <0.001 | 4.38 (2.30–8.33) | 0.619 | 1.21 (0.57–2.56) | 0.003 | 5.98 (1.83–19.54) | 0.040 | 3.18 (1.05–9.58) | 0.018 | 2.62 (118–5.79) | |
| 50–59 | 0.085 | 1.84 (0.92–3.67) | 0.678 | 0.84 (0.38–1.89) | 0.937 | 1.07 (0.23–4.99) | 0.992 | 0.99 (0.27–3.67) | 0.706 | 1.19 (0.49–2.89) | |
| 60+ (Ref) | <0.001 | 0.148 | <0.001 | 0.035 | 0.018 | ||||||
| Gender (Ref = Male) | Female | 0.054 | 1.40 (0.99–1.96) | 0.080 | 1.45 (0.96–2.19) | 0.575 | 1.16 (0.69–1.96) | 0.080 | 0.62 (0.37–1.06) | 0.522 | 1.14 (0.76–1.70) |
| Deprivation | (Ref) Poor 1 | 0.877 | 0.431 | 0.469 | 0.673 | 0.119 | |||||
| 2 | 0.779 | 0.93 (0.55–1.56) | 0.088 | 0.57 (0.30–1.09) | 0.304 | 0.66 (0.29–1.47) | 0.431 | 0.70 (0.29–1.69) | 0.020 | 0.47 (0.25–0.89) | |
| 3 | 0.363 | 0.77 (0.44–1.35) | 0.297 | 0.71 (0.37–1.36) | 0.380 | 0.68 (0.29–1.60) | 0.841 | 1.09 (0.47–2.54) | 0.110 | 0.59 (0.31–1.13) | |
| 4 | 0.808 | 0.93 (0.54–1.62) | 0.860 | 0.94 (0.50–1.79) | 0.610 | 1.23 (0.56–2.68) | 0.529 | 1.31 (0.57–2.99) | 0.771 | 0.91 (0.49–1.69) | |
| Affluent 5 | 0.933 | 1.02 (0.59–1.77) | 0.653 | 0.87 (0.46–1.63) | 0.797 | 1.11 (0.50–2.48) | 0.582 | 1.26 (0.55–2.87) | 0.274 | 0.71 (0.38–1.32) | |
| Rurality (Ref = Rural) | Urban | 0.884 | 0.97 (0.64–1.47) | 0.978 | 1.01 (0.60–1.69) | 0.577 | 0.84 (0.44–1.58) | 0.279 | 1.53 (0.71–3.29) | 0.619 | 1.14 (0.67–1.94) |
| Health Board Sampling Strata£ | 0.019 | 0.297 | 0.395 | 0.669 | 0.095 | ||||||
DOAT, Digital Overuse and Addiction Traits score; AOR, Adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; Ref, Reference category.
*
Work excludes those who are neither in employment or students (n = 61).
∧
Higher DOAT (Digital Overuse and Addiction Traits) score is calculated as one standard deviation or more above the sample mean (see methods).
£
Overall P-values for the variable health board sampling strata are shown but P-values for each individual sampling area are not included in order to limit table size.