Table 1.
Sample characteristics of the total sample, and regular vs. occasional vs. never users of psychedelic substances in the past.
| Total (N = 2,974) | Regular users (N = 497) | Occasional users (N = 606) | Never users (N = 1,868) | pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics, N (%) | |||||
| Age [years, mean (SD)] | 36.3 (13.3) | 40.0 (11.0) | 38.5 (12.0) | 34.7 (14.1) | <0.001 |
| Gender | <0.001 | ||||
| Men | 852 (28.6) | 247 (49.8) | 202 (33.7) | 403 (21.7) | |
| Women | 2,087 (70.2) | 248 (50.0) | 392 (65.3) | 1,447 (77.8) | |
| Queer/androgynous/others | 18 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 6 (1.0) | 11 (0.6) | |
| Language questionnaire | <0.001 | ||||
| English | 673 (22.6) | 223 (44.9) | 205 (33.8) | 243 (13.0) | |
| Portuguese | 689 (23.2) | 47 (9.5) | 70 (11.6) | 572 (30.6) | |
| Spanish | 1,613 (54.2) | 227 (45.7) | 331 (54.6) | 1,053 (56.4) | |
| Partner status | 1,565 (52.6) | 268 (54.0) | 322 (53.2) | 974 (52.2) | 0.74 |
| Religion and spirituality, N (%) | |||||
| Religion groups | <0.001 | ||||
| Atheist | 845 (28.4) | 96 (21.8) | 185 (33.8) | 564 (30.8) | |
| Agnostic | 695 (23.4) | 164 (37.3) | 194 (35.4) | 337 (18.4) | |
| Religious | 1,280 (43.0) | 180 (40.9) | 169 (30.8) | 930 (50.8) | |
| Practitioner of religion | 931 (31.3) | 186 (42.7) | 176 (33.5) | 569 (34.5) | 0.003 |
| Spiritual person | 1,948 (65.5) | 435 (87.5) | 451 (74.4) | 1,062 (56.9) | <0.001 |
| Spiritual practices | 1,686 (56.7) | 404 (81.3) | 397 (65.5) | 885 (47.4) | <0.001 |
| Health factors, N (%) | |||||
| Chronic diseases | 736 (24.7) | 115 (23.1) | 150 (24.8) | 471 (25.2) | 0.63 |
| Mental diseases | 670 (22.5) | 96 (19.3) | 153 (25.2) | 421 (22.5) | 0.06 |
| Substance use, N (%) | |||||
| Non-psychedelic | |||||
| Alcohol | 1,684 (56.6) | 330 (66.4) | 403 (66.5) | 950 (50.9) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco | 681 (22.9) | 155 (31.2) | 206 (34.0) | 320 (17.1) | <0.001 |
| Cannabis | 1,212 (40.7) | 345 (69.4) | 438 (72.5) | 429 (23.0) | <0.001 |
| Cocaine | 331 (11.1) | 119 (23.9) | 174 (28.7) | 38 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Amphetamines | 266 (8.9) | 113 (22.7) | 132 (21.8) | 21 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Psychedelic | |||||
| MDMA, ecstasy, mollyb | 701 (23.6) | 303 (61.0) | 325 (53.6) | 73 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Ayahuasca | 609 (20.5) | 357 (71.8) | 252 (41.6) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Magic mushroom | 841 (28.3) | 418 (84.1) | 423 (69.8) | 0 | <0.001 |
| LSD | 737 (24.8) | 354 (71.2) | 383 (63.2) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Other psychedelics | 487 (16.4) | 296 (59.6) | 191 (31.5) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Context of use of psychedelic substances | <0.001 | ||||
| Not using anything | 1,899 (63.8) | 6 (1.8) | 25 (5.6) | 1,868 (100) | |
| Alone | 65 (2.2) | 42 (12.9) | 23 (5.2) | 0 | |
| With friends or partner | 293 (9.8) | 91 (28.0) | 202 (45.5) | 0 | |
| At parties or festivals | 60 (2.0) | 8 (2.5) | 52 (11.7) | 0 | |
| Rituals/therapeutic | 315 (10.6) | 174 (53.5) | 141 (31.8) | 0 | |
| Microdosing | 5 (0.2) | 4 (1.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | |
a
Chi square tests for categorical variables and independent sample T-test for continuous variable;
b
Is only determined as a psychedelic drug when used for rituals or therapeutic settings. Significant (Bonferroni-corrected) p <0.002 are represented bold.