Table 3.

Summary of radiotherapy departments' consensus for suggested dose/fractionation during COVID-19 pandemic based on the cancer type.

Cancer type		Country	Radical	Palliative	Pre-pandemic EBRT technique	Indication of EBRT during the pandemic	Suggested EBRT technique during the pandemic
CNS	Glioblastoma	USA (Noticewala et al., 2020a)	✓		60 Gy / 30 frs	Not recurrent cases	a) KPS ≥ 70: 60 Gy / 30 frs
							b) KPS < 70 or elderly: 40 Gy / 15 frs
							c) KPS < 50: 34 Gy / 10 frs or 25 Gy / 5 frs
		Canada (Patrick et al., 2020)	✓		60 Gy / 30 frs		40 Gy in 15 frs OR 25 Gy in 5 frs
Head and neck		Italy (De Felice et al., 2020)	✓		Almost a sequential technique		dCRT should be limited to SIB techniques in the standard (5 fractions per week) or accelerated schedule (6 fractions per week)
		Canada (Huang et al., 2020)	✓			HNSCC	60 Gy / 25 frs (5 weeks; 2·4 Gy / frs)
						HPV + T1-T3N0-N2c (TNM-7), HPV– T1-T2N0 HNSCCs, and select stage III HNSCCs
		India, USA (Gupta et al., 2020c)	✓		1·8−2 Gy / fr		Hypo-F RT: 55 Gy / 20 frs
		UK (Higgins et al., 2020)	✓		35 frs regimens		20 frs regimen
		USA (Kang et al., 2020)	✓			Treatment guidelines for curable patients	Treatment guidelines for curable patients
						-Nasopharynx	-Nasopharynx:
						a) T1N0	a) RT alone (69.96 Gy/33 frs or 70 Gy/35 frs)
						b) All other M0 patients	b) CRT (69.96 Gy/33 frs or 70 Gy/35 frs)
						- Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (T1-T4)	-Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses:
						- Oral cavity (T1-T4)	Adjuvant RT (60−66 Gy/30–33 frs) + cC
						- Oropharynx and unknown primary	In the absence of surgery: Definitive CRT: 70 Gy/35 frs + cC
						a) p16-positive	-Oral cavity:
						a1) T1N0-T2N0	Definitive CRT: 70 Gy / 35 frs + Cc (proton therapy if feasible)
						a2) Any T3, T4, or N+	Adjuvant RT (60−66 Gy/30–33 frs) + cC
						b) p16-negative	In the absence of surgery: Definitive RT (70 Gy/35 frs)
						b1) T1N0-T2N0	Consider proton therapy if feasible.
						b2) Any T3, T4, or N+	-Oropharynx and unknown primary:
						- Larynx	a1, b1) T1N0-T2N0: Definitive RT (69.96 Gy/33 frs or
						a) T1N0 glottic larynx	70 Gy/35 frs)
						b) T2N0 glottic larynx	a2, b2) Any T3, T4, or N+: Definitive CRT (70 Gy/35 frs) + Cc
						c) T1-T2N0 supraglottic or subglottic larynx	- Larynx:
						d) T3, T4, or N + glottic larynx; all other larynx	a) Definitive RT (63 Gy / 28 frs)
						-Hypopharynx	b) Definitive RT (65.25 Gy/29 frs)
						a) T1N0-T2N0	c) Definitive RT (70 Gy/35 frs or 69.96 Gy/33 frs)
						b) Any T3, T4, or N+	d) Definitive CRT (70 Gy/35 frs) + cC
							-Hypopharynx
						Treatment guidelines where LRC is important	a) Definitive RT (69.96 Gy/33 frs or 70 Gy/35 frs)
							b) Definitive CRT (70 Gy/35 frs) + cC
						-Recurrent HNC in need of re-irradiation:	Treatment guidelines where LRC is important
							Recurrent HNC in need of re-irradiation:
						a) Postop patients	a) Conventionally fractionated RT (60−66 Gy/30–33 frs)
						b) No surgery: >2 y from RT or good KPS	b) Conventionally fractionated RT (70 Gy/35 frs)
						c) No surgery and rapid recurrence from first course	c) Quad Shot (3.7 Gy/frs twice daily × 2 consecutive days = 1 cycle; may repeat cycle every 3–4 weeks for up to 4 total cycles)
						Severe restrictions or limitations in radiation	Severe restrictions or limitations in radiation oncology operations
						oncology operations
						-Larynx	-Larynx:
						a) T1N0 glottic larynx	a) Definitive RT (50–52.5 Gy/16 frs)
						b) T1-T2N0 glottic	b) Definitive RT (51 Gy/20 frs)
						c) Larynx	c) Definitive RT (55 Gy/ 20 frs)
						- Oropharynx	- Oropharynx:
						a) T1-T2N0-N1 oropharynx	a) Definitive IMRT (66 Gy/ 30 frs)
						b) p16+ T1N1-T2N2b or T3N0-	b) Definitive CRT (60 Gy/30 frs) + cC
						T3N2b with	-Locally advanced HNC:
						≤10-pack-y smoking history	a) Definitive CRT (55 Gy/ 20 frs) + cC
						-Locally advanced HNC (oral cavity, oropharynx,	b) Definitive CRT (55 Gy/20 frs) + cC
						hypopharynx)	c) Definitive RT (51 Gy/20 frs)
						a) T1N0-T4N3 SCC
						b) T1-T4N2-N3 SCC
						c) T3-T4N0 or any N + SCC
Breast		Canada (Al-Rashdan et al., 2020)	✓		Hypo-F RT (42·5 Gy / 16 frs)	All refereed	- APBI (27 Gy / 5 frs) for suitable (40 % of referred)
							- Hypo-F RT
		France (Belkacemi et al., 2020a)	✓		50 Gy / 25 frs with 16 Gy / 8 frs boost		- 45 Gy / 18 frs
							- 40 Gy / 15 frs ± 10 Gy
							- 15 Gy / 6 frs
							- Boost: 12 Gy / 3 frs
		Canada (Koch et al., 2020)	✓		a) Standard fractionation (50 Gy / 25 frs)		a) Hypo-F RT (40·5 Gy / 15 frs) for breast RT, including regional node irradiation
					b) 50 Gy / 25 frs for BBI and 40 Gy / 15 frs or 42·4 Gy / 16 frs for WBI		b) UK FAST-Forward trial technique (26 Gy/ 5 frs daily for WBI or PBI)
					c) Conventional boost		c) 10 Gy / 4 frs as boost
		Iran (Samiee et al., 2020)	✓		50 Gy / 25 frs or 40 Gy / 15 frs		40 Gy / 15 frs
		Italy, Portugal, Belgium, Australia, Switzerland, Poland (Thureau et al., 2020)	✓		Standard fractionation (50 Gy / 25 frs) or moderate Hypo-F RT (40 Gy / 15 frs)	a) All breast/chest wall and nodal RT	a) 40 Gy / 15 frs
						b) All patients requiring RT with node-negative tumors	b) 28-30 Gy / 5 frs (1 fr/ week) or 26 Gy / 5 frs daily
						c) Accelerated partial breast RT can also be considered for selected low-risk patients	c) 30 Gy / 5 frs (over 2 weeks)
						d) Omission RT and boost RT for the elderly or no significant risk factors for local relapse.
		USA (Dietz et al., 2020)	✓			a) High priority case (Locally advanced or inflammatory patients)	a) 42·5 Gy / 16 or 40 Gy / 15 frs
						b) Selected patients undergoing breast RT (without regional-nodal RT)	b) 28·5 Gy / 5 frs (1 fr/ week)
						c) boost should be reserved for patients with the greatest absolute benefit (e.g., positive margins, age ≤ 40)
		Spain, UK (Pardoa et al., 2020)	✓		Hypo-F RT	Adjuvant irradiation	Adjuvant irradiation
						a) Any breast cancer (first choice)	a) Hypo-F RT (boost with Hypo-F RT or even integrated with whole-breast irradiation (complete the treatment in 15 frs)).
						b) Eligible for ultra-short schedules	b) Ultra-short schedules (5-7 frs)
						c) Whole breast and node irradiation	c) A 26 Gy / 5 frs (daily) and 29 Gy at the tumor bed with an integrated boost dose of 5·8 Gy
						d) Partial breast irradiation (for eligible ones)	d) 5 frs × 6 Gy for a 30 Gy dose or 37·5 Gy in 3·75 Gy / fr (twice daily) on the tumor bed with a negative margin. (Brachytherapy can also be an alternative)
						Neoadjuvant irradiation	Neoadjuvant irradiation
						a) All the case with delayed surgery	a) 40·5 Gy / 15 frs in the breast with 54 Gy concomitant boost delivered 3·6 Gy daily.
						b) Selected cases	b) 26 Gy / 2·6 Gy/ fr and concomitant 29-30 Gy boost in 5·7-5·8 Gy / frs at the tumor bed.
						Elderly cases	Elderly cases
							Hypo-F RT:
							-weekly 6·5 Gy dose delivered for five weeks for a total of 32·5 Gy
							-A boost of two 6·5 Gy / fr can be
							−5·5 Gy / fr will be delivered up to a total dose of 27·5 Gy if axillary nodes are to be included.
		UK, Netherland, Italy, Australia, Israel, Spain, Denmark, France, Norway, Brazil (Coles et al., 2020)	✓			a) Patients that require RT with node negative tumors (not require a boost)	a) 28-30 Gy / 5 frs (1 fr / week) or 26 Gy / 5 daily fr
						b) Patients that require RT breast/chest wall and nodal	b) Moderate Hypo-F RT: 40 Gy / 15 frs
		UK (Higgins et al., 2020)	✓				Hypo-F RT: 26 Gy / 5 frs
		France (Beddok et al., 2020)	✓				Hypo-F RT
		Slovenia (Orazem and Ratosa, 2020)	✓		Normo-fractionation and Hypo-F RT		Increase of Hypo-F RT n (from 65% to over 80%)
		Switzerland (Achard et al., 2020)	✓		Normo-fractionation or moderate Hypo-F RT		- Moderate Hypo-F RT (42·5 Gy / 16 frs or 40 Gy / 15 fr) for majority of stages
							- Hypo-F RT (26 Gy / f frs daily or 28·5 Gy / 5 frs once-weekly)
		Zambia, USA (Lombe et al., 2020)	✓		50 Gy / 25 frs	a) Breast Chest wall	a) 28·5 Gy/5 frs for 5 weeks
						b) Breast supraclavicular + chest wall	b) 40 Gy/ 10 frs
		Belgium (Machiels et al., 2020)	✓		40 Gy / 15 frs	All eligible patients adopting the Fast-Forward	Ultra-Hypo-F RT: 26 Gy / 5 frs
						regimen	+ A single boost dose of 6 Gy was delivered using an IMRT technique for deeply seated tumors and a single electron field for superficial tumors
		Canada (Patrick et al., 2020)	✓		40 Gy / 15 frs		Hypo-F RT: 26 Gy / 5 frs
		Egypt, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, USA, Jordan (Elghazawy et al., 2020)	✓		50 Gy / 25 frs	a) Partial breast irradiation (EBRT)	a) 30 Gy/5 frs, daily
							28.5 Gy/5 frs, daily
							38 Gy/10 frs, twice a day
						b) Partial breast irradiation (IORT)	b) 20 Gy once
						c) WBRT +/- regional lymph nodes	c) -Hypo-F RT: 40.05 Gy/15 frs, daily, 3DCRT
							- Extreme Hypo-F RT (node-negative, without boost):
							28.5 Gy/5 frs, weekly or 26 Gy/5 frs, daily
						d) Chest wall +/- regional lymph nodes	d) 40.05 Gy/15 frs, daily, 3DCRT
							43.5 Gy/15 frs, daily, 3DCRT
							37.5 Gy/15 frs, daily, 3DCRT
		USA (Ling et al., 2020)	✓		40 Gy / 15 frs	a) Partial breast	a) 30 Gy / 5 frs
						b) Whole breast	b) 26 Gy / 5 frs
		Poland (Łacko et al., 2020)	✓		50 Gy / 25 frs	a) APBI:	a) 30 Gy/ 5 frs every 2nd day or IMRT technique
						-Age > 50 yrs; tumor ≤2 cm T1, negative margin width min. 2 mm without LVI, ER+, BRCA negative.	- FAST Forward: 26 Gy/ 5 frs within a week
						-DCIS of low and medium differentiation level, detected using screening MMG, size ≤ 2 cm with negative margins ≥3 mm, located mainly on the left side.
						b) WBI:	b) UK FAST: 28.5 Gy /5 frs each once a week
						-Resignation from BOOST: patients T 1-2 N0 (≤50 yrs) with negative margins ≥2 mm, without unfavorable prognostic factors (G3, DCIS component)	- FAST Forward: 26 Gy / 5 frs within a week
						-Resignation from the radiation of patients T1, ER+, HER–, G 1-2, lymph nodes: Post-menopausal SLND up to 2 lymph nodes affected.
						c) WBI + BOOST ± RNI	c) SIB: 40 Gy/15 frs per breast (2.66 Gy) + 3.2 Gy per boost (total dose of 48 Gy)
							- SIB: 42.56 Gy/16 frs per breast + 3 Gy per boost (total dose of 48 Gy)
						d) WBI + RNI	d) 40 Gy / 15 frs
						e) Patients after mastectomy with breast reconstruction	e) 40 Gy 15 frs or 45 Gy / 20 frs
Lung		USA (Wu et al., 2020)	✓	✓	a) NSCLS	a) NSCLS	a) NSCLS
					1,2,3) 18 Gy/ 3frs, 12 Gy/ 4frs, or 10 Gy/5frs	1) Peripheral T 1-2 N0	1) 34 Gy/1 fr
						2) Central T 1-2 N0	2) 50 Gy/5 frs
						3) Ultra-central T 1-2 N0	3) 60 Gy/8 frs
					4) 60-70 Gy/ 30-35 frs	4) Locally advanced NSCLC	4) 55 Gy/20 frs or 45-60 Gy/15 frs
					5) 54-60 Gy/ 27-30frs for margin-positiveor 50-54 Gy/ 25-30 frs for margin negative	5) Postoperative radiation for NSCLC	5) 50 Gy/25 frs
					b) SCLC:	b) SCLC:	b) SCLC:
					1) 45 Gy in twice-daily 1·5Gy or 66-70 Gy/ 33-35frs	1) Limited-stage SCLC (thoracic RT)	1) 45 Gy/30 twice-daily frs
					2) 25 Gy/ 10frs 3,4,5) 20 Gy/5frs	2) Limited-stage SCLC (prophylactic cranial RT)	2) 25 Gy/10 frs vs. MRI surveillance
					- consolidative thoracic RT: 30 Gy/10 frs	3) Extensive-stage SCLC (thoracic RT)	3) 30 Gy/10 frs vs. observation
						4) Extensive-stage SCLC (prophylactic cranial RT)	4) MRI surveillance
						5) Palliative lung RT	5) 20 Gy/5 frs, 17 Gy/2frs or 10 Gy/1 fr
		Canada (Rathod et al., 2020)	✓		a) NSCLC:	a) NSCLC:	a) NSCLC:
					60 Gy / 30 frs or 66 Gy / 33 frs	1) peripheral	1) SBRT: 54 Gy / 3 frs
						2) central	2) SBRT: 50 Gy / 5 frs
						3) concurrent CTRT	3) 60 Gy / 30 frs
						4) sequential CTRT	4) 40 Gy / 15 frs or 50 Gy / 20 frs
					b) SCLC:	b) SCLC:	b) SCLC:
					45 Gy / 30 frs or 66 Gy / 33 frs	1) Limited stage: Radical	1) 40 Gy / 15 frs
						2) Limited stage: PCI	2) 25 Gy / 10 frs
						3) Extensive stage: Consolidation RT	3) 25 Gy / 5frs
					PCI: 25 Gy / 10 frs	4) Extensive stage: PCI	4) 25 Gy / 10 frs
		USA (Kumar et al., 2020)	✓		LA-NSCLS: Hypo-F RT or standard schedules	When concurrent chemotherapy is not necessary	Hypo-F IMRT (with SIB were needed):
							a) 60 Gy/ 15 frs
							b) 60 Gy / 20 frs
							c) 55 Gy / 20 frs
		USA, France, China, Spain, the UK (Liao et al., 2020)	✓			a) NSCLC	a) NSCLC:
							1) SABR IN 1-3 frs for stages I-II
							2) 30-34 Gy / 1 fr for tumors < 2 cm and ≥ 1 cm from the chest wall
							3) 48-54 Gy / 3 frs for peripheral lesions
							4) 45 – 60 Gy / 4-8 frs for central and ultra-central lesions
							5) 55 Gy / 20 frs for stage II-III
							6) 45 Gy / 15 frs for poor performance patients
						b) SCLC	b) SCLC:
						Early-stage: For the limited stage standard of care is concurrent chemoradiation with 45 Gy / 30 frs twice daily	1) SABR in 3-5 frs, 60 Gy / 3 frs, 48 Gy / 4 frs or 50 Gy / 5 frs for stage I-II of peripheral lesions
							2) Early stage: 40-42 Gy / 15 frs daily or 50-55 / 20-25 frs daily
						Extensive stage	3) Extensive stage: 30 Gy / 10 frs
						c) PCI	c) PCI
						- 25 Gy / 10 frs	1) Can be performed during radio(chemo)therapy
							2) Can be omitted for p-stage I
		Canada (Kidane et al., 2020)	✓				SABR:
						a) Early-stage (T1-T2N0M0) NSCLC (non-central tumors)	a) 30–34 Gy / 1 fr; 45–55 Gy /3–5 frs (e.g., 54/3,48/4, and 55/5); 60 Gy / 8 frs
						b) Pulmonary oligometastases (central tumors)	b) bronchial tree (central or ultra-central tumors: 60 Gy /8 frs or 50 Gy / 5 frs)
		USA (Ng et al., 2020b)	✓			Peripheral early-stage NSCLC	Single-fraction SBRT: 30 - 34 Gy
Gastrointestinal	Esophageal	UK (Jones et al., 2020a)	✓	✓	dCRT: 2 Gy / fr	- dCRT as the most appropriate curative option for both OSCC and OAC	Definitive treatment:
							- dCRT (2 Gy / fr)
						- High-risk patients for readmission, such as those with high-grade dysphagia, may not be appropriate for dCRT	Where dCRT is unavailable or inappropriate:
							- Hypo-F RT:
						- Where dCRT is unavailable or inappropriate, consider Hypo-F-dRT	50 Gy / 16 frs tumors of up to 5 cm in length 55 Gy / 10 frs for tumors up to 10 cm in lengthNeoadjuvant: Hypo-F dCRT with 40 Gy/15 frs
		Brazil (Riechelmann et al., 2020)	✓			Early-stage
						1) cT2-T4 and/or clinically lymph-node positive (cN+) SCC cases	1) Neoadjuvant chemoradiation with reduced dose (41·4 Gy)
						2) Patients with obstructive symptoms or hemorrhage	2) Ultra- Hypo-F RT
		India (Talapatra et al., 2020)	✓	✓		a) Operable patients	a) 41.4 Gy/23 frs or 40 Gy/15 frs (cCRT)
						b) Inoperable patient	b) Moderate Hypo-F RT (definitive CRT): 50 Gy/25 frs
						c) Palliation of symptoms such as bleeding and dysphagia	c)20 Gy/5 frs or single fraction schedule (avoid protracted fractionation)
	Pancreatic	Italy (Barcellini et al., 2020)	✓		Conventional RT or SBRT	Essential	CIRT
		USA (Ng et al., 2020b)	✓			Locally advanced pancreatic cancer	Single-fraction SBRT: 25 Gy
		UK (Jones et al., 2020b)	✓		Conventional- or Hypo-F RT	Where surgery is unlikely to be available for the resectable and borderline disease	Hypo-F RT:
							25–35 Gy/5 frs (RT alone) or 36 Gy/15 frs CRT with concurrent capecitabine
	Liver	UK (Aitken et al., 2020)	✓	✓	Standard techniques		SABR: 24 – 60 Gy /1-5 frs
		Brazil (Riechelmann et al., 2020)	✓			Localized BCLC stage A	radiofrequency ablation or stereotactic RT
		India (Talapatra et al., 2020)	✓	✓		SBRT:
						a) Hepatocellular carcinoma	a) 48–60 Gy/3–5 frs
						b) Oligometastases in liver	b) 16–45 Gy/1–5 frs
	Rectal	Italy (De Felice and Petrucciani, 2020b)	✓		SCRT: 25 Gy / 5 frs	Locally advanced	SCRT
					LCCRT: 50·4-54 Gy / 28-30 frs
		USA (Romesser et al., 2020)	✓		LCCRT (25-28 frs)	Locally advanced	SCRT
		UK (Higgins et al., 2020)	✓				SCRT: 25 Gy / 5 frs
		France (Beddok et al., 2020)	✓				SCRT: 25 Gy / 5 frs
		Switzerland (Achard et al., 2020)	✓				SCRT (neoadjuvant)
		USA (Skowron et al., 2020)	✓			a) Stage I: high-risk feature patients	a) Chemoradiation as an alternative to TME
						b) Stage II or III	b) Neoadjuvant SCRT: 25 Gy / 5 frs
		Brazil (Riechelmann et al., 2020)	✓			a) For cT3b/c or cN+ (middle or low rectum) with clear circumferential margins cases	a) SCRT
						b) If a major response is needed for sphincter preservation	b) LCCRT
						c) For cT4, or threatened/involved CRM, or lateral pelvic lymph nodes, or suspected cN2/bulky LN involvement	c) neoadjuvant therapy with long-course chemoradiation or short-course radiotherapy followed by four to six cycles of chemotherapy
		USA (Ling et al., 2020)	✓		SCRT: 25 Gy / 5 frs	All localized rectal cancers	SCRT: 25 Gy / 5 frs
					LCCRT: 45-50.4 Gy / 25-28 frs
Genitourinary	Prostate	Italy (Barra et al., 2020)	✓		standard fractionation (i.e., 74–81 Gy in 37–45 frs) or Hypo-F RT (dose per fraction 2·75-3 in 20–28 frs)	Early prostate cancer	SBRT (ultra- Hypo-F RT):
							36·25 Gy in 5 frs (twice a week)
		The USA, UK (Zaorsky et al., 2020)				a) Localized, oligometastatic, and low volume M1	a) Ultra- Hypo-F RT (1-6 frs)
						b) Post-prostatectomy and clinical node positive disease.	b) Moderate Hypo-F RT (5-20 frs)
						c) Adjuvant radiation	c) Salvage (20 frs)
		Iran (Aghili et al., 2020)	✓		Standard techniques	Radiation of the whole pelvis is not intended	- SBRT
							- Abbreviated radiotherapy
							- A single 19 Gy /1 fr HDR brachytherapy
		Singapore (Tan et al., 2020)	✓		Standard techniques	localized prostate cancer (pT1b–T3aN0M0)	CHHiP: 60 Gy / 20 frs over four weeks or 57 Gy / 19 frs over 3·8 weeks (Dearnaley et al., 2016)
		Canada (Kokorovic et al., 2020)	✓			-UIR, HR, and VHR prostate cancer patients for whom RT should begin NADT	Hypo-F RT
						- High-risk features post-RP (early salvage RT)
						- Node-positive without evidence of further metastases
						- Oligometastatic HSPC
		Zambia, USA (Lombe et al., 2020)	✓		74 Gy / 37 frs	High risk	60 Gy/ 20 frs
		Canada (Patrick et al., 2020)	✓		60 Gy / 30 frs		36.25 Gy in 5 frs
		USA (Ling et al., 2020)	✓			All risk groups of localized prostate cancer	-SBRT with Ultra Hypo-F RT in 5-7 frs
		USA (Ng et al., 2020b)	✓			Localized prostate cancer	Single-fraction SBRT: 24 Gy
Gynecological		Morocco (Ismaili, 2020a)	✓			The same as before	Not changed
		Zambia, USA (Lombe et al., 2020)	✓		EBRT: 50 Gy/ 25 frs	a) Cervix stage III bulky	a) 41·25 Gy / 15 frs
					Brachytherapy: 7 Gy /4 frs	b) Cervix	b) 8 Gy / 3 frs
							9 Gy / 2 frs one week apart;
							9·4 Gy / 2 frs one week apart
		UK, Canada (Mendez et al., 2020)	✓		Standard dose/fr	Cervix	HEROICC-trial
						All but for the patients that may need elective radiotherapy to the paraaortic drainage, or if significant downstaging is necessary, like for the cases with FIGO stage IIIA–IVA.	-PTVLD = 40 Gy / 15 frs
							-PTVHD = 48 Gy / 15 frs (SIB)
							-Brachytherapy as a boost to the CTVHR in early cancers
Sarcoma		France (Belkacemi et al., 2020a)	✓		50 Gy / 25 frs		TB: 50 Gy / 20 frs, 4 frs/week
					+ boost: 10 Gy / 5 frs		+boost: 10 Gy/4 frs
		Poland (Spalek and Rutkowski, 2020)	✓		Preoperative Soft tissue sarcoma: 50 Gy / 25 frs		Hypo-F RT (e.g., 28 Gy / 8 frs or 25 Gy / 5 frs)
		Canada (Patrick et al., 2020)	✓		Preoperative Soft tissue sarcoma: 50 Gy / 25 frs		Hypo-F RT (35 Gy / 5 frs)
Lymphoma		France (Belkacemi et al., 2020a)	✓		High-grade: 40 Gy / 20 frs		36 Gy / 12 frs, 4 frs / week
Skin		UK (Rembielak et al., 2020)	✓			cSCC, MCC, and rare skin pathologies for which definitive RT should be considered	Hypo-F RT:
					a) 35 Gy / 5 frs		a) 32·5 Gy / 4 frs
					b) 45 Gy / 10 frs		b) 40 Gy / 8 frs
					c) 55 Gy / 20 frs		c) 50 Gy / 15 frs
		France (Belkacemi et al., 2020a)	✓		45 Gy / 15 frs, 3 frs/week		30 Gy / 5 frs, 1 fr/week
		Australia (Veness, 2020)	✓		Non-Melanoma (NMSC):	1)BCC	<70 years ECOG 0/1:	≥80 years or ECOG 2/3
					50–55 Gy (2-2·5 Gy / fr)	1a) Definitive	1a) 30–45 Gy / 5–15 frs	1a) 15–28 Gy / 1–4 frs
						1b) Adjuvant	1b) 30–45 Gy / 5–15 frs	1b) 15–28 Gy /1–4 frs
						1c) Adjuvant high-risk site (perioral/orbital)	1c) 45–50 Gy /15–20 frs	1c) 30–36 Gy / 5–6 frs
						2) SCC
						2a) Definitive	2a) 30–45 Gy /5–15 frs	2a) 15–28 Gy /1–4 frs
						2b) Definitive high-risk site (perioral/orbital)	2b) 45–50 Gy /15–20 frs	2b) 15–28 Gy /1–4 frs
						2c) Adjuvant	2c) 30–40 Gy /5–10 frs	2c) 15–28 Gy /1–4 frs
						2d) Adjuvant high-risk site (perioral/orbital)	2d) 45–50 Gy /15–20 frs	2d) 30–36 Gy / 5–6 frs
							70–80 years ECOG 0/1:	ECOG 3/4
							1a) 30–40 Gy / 5–10 frs	1a) 15–18 Gy single frs
							1b) 30–40 Gy /5–10 frs	1b) no RT
							1c) 40–45 Gy /10–15 frs	1c) no RT
							2a) 30–40 Gy /5–10 frs	2a) 15–18 Gy / single frs
							2b) 40–45 Gy /10–15 frs	2b) 15–18 Gy / single frs
							2c) 30–40 Gy /5–10 frs	2c) no RT
							2d) 40–45 Gy /5–10 frs	2d) no RT
Palliative		Italy (van der Linden et al., 2020)		✓	SFRT or MFRT	If Unavoidable	SFRT: bone metastasis
		France, Switzerland, Belgium (GEMO) (Thureau et al., 2020)		✓	SFRT or MFRT	If Unavoidable	- SFRT: almost all
							- MFRT: adjuvant case or highly suspicious for fracture
		USA (Yerramilli et al., 2020b)		✓	a) 30 Gy /10frs	a) Brain met. For patients with urgent indications¥	a) Brain: 20 Gy / 5 frs
					b) 8 Gy / 1 fr	b) Spinal cord compression and bone met.	b) Spinal cord and bone met.: 8 Gy/ 1 fr
					c) 10 Gy /1 fr or 3·7 Gy / 4 frs twice daily	c) Tumor bleeding	c) 3·7 Gy / 4 twice daily fractions or 4 Gy / 5 daily fractions
					d) 8·5 Gy / 2 weekly fractions or 4 Gy / 5 daily fractions	d) SVCO or airway obstruction	d) 8·5 Gy / 2 weekly fractions or 4 Gy / 5 daily fractions
		Canada (Hahn et al., 2020)		✓		a) Tumor bleeding	a) 8 Gy / 1 fr
						b) Other Palliative RT regimen	b) 8 Gy in 0-7-21 (3 days) regimen (ensuring the final fraction is off-cord and brainstem)
		Iran (Aghili et al., 2020)		✓			- 8 Gy/ 1 fr
							- 20 Gy/ 4 frs
		France (Belkacemi et al., 2020a)		✓	20 Gy / 5 frs		20 Gy / 4 frs
		Canada (Rathod et al., 2020)		✓	20 Gy / 5 frs	a) Stage IV NSCLC	a) 8-10 Gy / 1 fr
					30 Gy / 10 frs	b) Extensive stage (III-IV) SCLC	b) 8 Gy / 1 fr
		Singapore (Tan et al., 2020)		✓	20 Gy / 5 frs		8 Gy / 1 fr
					30 Gy / 10 frs
		USA (Chaves et al., 2020)		✓		Locally advanced HNSCC	- 24 Gy / 3 frs (D0-D70D21)
							- 25 Gy / 5 frs
							- QUAD SHOT technique: 3·7 Gy bid given over two consecutive days, a total dose of 14·8 Gy per cycle, each cycle every four weeks
		Italy, Switzerland (Banna et al., 2020)		✓		Lung	- 8-10 Gy / 1 fr
							- 17 Gy / 2 frs
		USA, France, China, Spain, the UK (Liao et al., 2020)		✓		a) Brain	a) Brain
							- SRS: 1-3 frs
							- WBI: 20 Gy / 5 frs
						b) Lung (stage IV)	b) Lung: 8 Gy / 1 fr
		Argentina (Ismael et al., 2020)		✓		- patients with spinal cord compression,	8 Gy or 18 Gy in 3 frs
						- superior vena cava syndrome
						- bleeding identified by a specialist
		Zambia, USA (Lombe et al., 2020)		✓	20 Gy/5 frs	a) Breast	a) 8 Gy/1 fr
					41·25/15 frs	b) Cervix EBRT Stage IVA (VVF, RVF)	b) 10 Gy / 2 frs four weeks apart
					30 Gy/ 10 frs	c) Head and Neck	c) 20 Gy/ 5 frs
					20 Gy/ 5 frs or 30 Gy/ 5 frs	d) Spinal Cord Compression	d) 8 Gy/ 1 fr
		Brazil (Riechelmann et al., 2020)		✓		Metastatic esophagus	single fraction or Hypo-F RT
		UK (Jones et al., 2020a)				High risk esophageal cases	- 8 Gy / 1 fr
		Egypt, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, USA, Jordan (Elghazawy et al., 2020)		✓		a) Brain metastasis	a) SRS: 15 Gy/1 fr for 1–3 metastases, good KPS, no extracranial disease.
							−3D whole-brain RT:20 Gy/5 frs
						b) Bone metastasis	b) With or without cord compression: 8 Gy/1 fr
							Pathological fracture: 20 Gy/5frs
		USA (Kang et al., 2020)		✓	30 Gy/10 frs	Treatment guidelines where LRC is important:
					20 Gy/5 frs	- Metastatic HNC in need of local therapy	- Metastatic HNC in need of local therapy:
						a) Prior RT	a) Quad Shot (3.7 Gy/frs twice daily × 2 consecutive days = 1cycle; may repeat cycle every 3-4 weeks for up to 4 total cycles)
						b) No prior RT	b) Quad Shot (3.7 Gy/frs twice daily × 2 consecutive days = 1 cycle; may repeat cycle every 3-4 weeks for up to 4 total cycles)
						- Other primary cancer metastatic to H&N	- Other primary cancer metastatic to H&N:
							Quad Shot (3.7 Gy/frs twice daily × 2 consecutive days = 1 cycle; may repeat cycle every 3-4 wk for up to 4 total cycles)
							Other palliative regimens: 30 Gy/10 frs, 20 Gy/5 frs, 8 Gy/1 frs
		USA (Ng et al., 2020b)		✓		Oligometastatic disease:	- Single-fraction SBRT:
						a) Lung metastasis	a) 30 Gy
						b) Bone, lymph node, or both	b) 20 Gy
						c) Liver metastasis	c) 18-30 Gy; 35-40 Gy
						d) Adrenal metastasis	d) 14-18 Gy

frs: fractions, fr: fraction, Bone-Met: bone metastases, Hypo-F RT: hypo-fractionated RT, SFRT: single fraction radiotherapy, MFRT: multiple fraction radiotherapy, GEMO: European study group of bone metastases, KPS: karnofsky performance status, dCRT :definitive chemoradiotherapy, OSCC: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, OAC: oesophageal adenocarcinoma, SIB: simultaneous integrated boost, SABR: stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, SVCO: superior vena cava syndrome, CIRT: carbon ion radiotherapy, SBRT: Stereotactic body radiotherapy, SCRT: Short-course radiotherapy, LCCRT: long course chemoradiotherapy, cSCC: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, MCC: Merkel cell carcinoma, HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HPV: human papillomavirus–positive, WBI: whole breast irradiation, PBI: partial breast irradiation, LA-NSCLS: locally-advanced non-small cell lung cancer, SRS: stereotactic radiosurgery, UIR: unfavorable-intermediate-risk, HR: high-risk, VHR: very high-risk, NATD: neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy, HSPC: hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, PTVLD: Low risk PTV, PTVHR: High risk PTV. NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer, SCLC: small cell lung cancer, PCI: prophylactic cranial irradiation, VVF: vesicovaginal fistula; RVF: rectovaginal fistula. ¥: progressive neurologic symptom from multiple brain metastases or leptomeningeal disease, LRC: Locoregional control.