Table 4. Rumination regarding MOH and characteristics of previous chronic headache.

			n	Rumination	p
MOH
	Pain quality				0.888
		Dull	41	93.85±22.85
		Sharp	42	94.74±26.76
	Localization				0.307
		Frontal	14	91.14±26.19
		Occipital	5	77.20±16.10
		Parietal	10	97.90±29.13
		Temporal	54	96.04±24.10
	Lateralization				0.238
		Bilaterally	47	91.77±26.53
		Unilaterally	36	97.61±22.17
	Symptoms and signs				0.391
		Nausea/vomiting	4	81.50±17.06
		Phonophobia/photophobia	1	121.00
		Stiffness of neck and shoulders	71	93.96±25.45
		Exacerbation on effort	7	104.00±18.34
	Type of symptomatic therapy				0.015
		Combined analgetics	44	100.43±23.54
		NSAIL/metamisol/acetaminophen	39	87.38±24.57
	Efficacy of symptomatic therapy*				0.281
		No	18	99.56±17.24
		Partially	65	92.85±26.40
Previous chronic headache†					0.690
	Migraine with/without aura		53	95.68±25.74
	Tension type headache		21	90.62±24.92
	Secondary headache		9	94.78±19.43
	Type of symptomatic therapy				0.330
		Combined analgetics	30	98.73±22.94
		NSAIL/Metamisols/Acetaminophen	41	90.32±25.26
		Triptans	12	96.83±27.27
	Efficacy of symptomatic therapy*				0.444
		Yes	59	93.90±22.33
		No	6	84.17±32.57
		Partially	18	99.00±29.74
	Used prophylactic pharmacotherapy				0.672
		Tricyclic antidepressants	69	94.71±24.13
		Anticonvulsants	3	81.33±22.46
		None	11	95.27±30.03
	Used prophylactic nonpharmacotherapy				0.699
		None	81	94.15±25.05
		Acupuncture/yoga/etc.	2	100.50±0.71

Data are presented as mean±standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.

^*Pain reduction >50% within 2 h of using symptomatic therapy, ^†>8 headache days per months for at least three last months (according to ICHD-3¹), based on patients self-reporting.

MOH: medication-overuse headache.