Table 5. Risk factors for medication-overuse headache.

	Univariate			Multivariable
	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Rumination	1.14	1.09–1.19	<0.001	1.123	1.071–1.178	<0.001
Sex	2.44	1.10–5.44	0.029	0.874	0.261–2.929	0.827
Age	1.00	0.98–1.03	0.745
Married vs. single	3.19	1.68–6.06	<0.001	1.756	0.618–4.995	0.291
City vs. village	1.45	0.66–3.19	0.358
College	0.33	0.17–0.62	0.001	0.810	0.2888–2.279	0.689
Number of children	1.13	0.74–1.73	0.569
Smoking	0.85	0.45–1.59	0.606
Duration of smoking	0.99	0.97–1.03	0.894
Alcohol	3.44	1.06–11.14	0.040	0.867	0.185–4.061	0.857
Caffeine	0.77	0.30–1.98	0.593
Physical activity	4.69	1.98–11.11	<0.001	2.438	0.661–8.968	0.181
Depression	1.14	1.08–1.20	<0.001
Anxiety	1.21	1.14–1.29	<0.001	1.091	1.005–1.185	0.039
Stress	1.17	1.11–1.23	<0.001

CI: confidence interval, OR: odds ratio.