TABLE 1.

Outcomes and Predictors of COVID‐19 in Patients with CLD and Cirrhosis

Study	Cohort	Outcomes in CLD	Outcomes in Cirrhosis	Outcomes in Comparator Group
Iavarone et al.( 33 )	50 patients with cirrhosis Comparator group: patients hospitalized over previous year for hepatic decompensation due to bacterial infection	N/A	30‐day mortality rate of 34.0% 28% of patients had ACLF Severity of lung and liver disease (by CLIF‐C, CLIF‐OF, and MELD) predicted mortality	30‐day mortality rate of 17%
June 2020
9 centers in Italy
Sarin et al.( 34 )	185 patients with CLD 43 patients with cirrhosis	2.7% mortality rate Diabetes mellitus predisposed to liver injury	16.3% mortality rate Obesity predisposed to liver injury 20.0% of patients presented with ACLF or decompensation Liver‐related complications increased with CTP class Rising bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐ alanine aminotransferase ratio predicted mortality	CLIF‐C [Chronic Liver Failure Consortium] CLIF‐OF [Chronic Liver Failure Organ Failure]
July 2020
13 countries in Asia
Qi et al.( 35 )	21 patients with cirrhosis	N/A	23.8% mortality rate Lower total lymphocytes and platelets and higher direct bilirubin predicted mortality	N/A
May 2020
16 centers in China
Bajaj et al.( 36 )	37 patients with cirrhosis Comparator group: 2 age‐ and sex‐matched groups—108 patients with COVID‐19 and no cirrhosis; 127 patients with cirrhosis and no COVID‐19	N/A	Mortality rate of 29.7% in patients with cirrhosis with COVID‐19	Mortality rate of 13.8% in patients without cirrhosis with COVID‐19 Mortality rate of 18.9% in patients with cirrhosis without COVID‐19
July 2020
7 centers in the United States
Hashemi et al.( 32 )	69 patients with CLD 9 patients with cirrhosis Comparator group: hospitalized patients without CLD	49.3% required ICU‐level care 47.8% required mechanical ventilation 23.9% mortality rate Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with increased length of stay, higher rates of ICU‐level care, and mechanical ventilation	55.6% mortality rate	35.0% required ICU‐level care 30.3% required mechanical ventilation 13.2% mortality rate
July 2020
9 centers in the United States
Singh and Khan( 6 )	250 patients with CLD (including 50 patients with cirrhosis) Comparator group: propensity score–matched analysis (for body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, age, race, nicotine use) of liver disease versus no liver disease	46.0% risk of hospitalization 12.0% risk of mortality	Highest mortality in patients with cirrhosis (relative risk, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.6‐8.3)	36.0% risk of hospitalization 4.0% risk of mortality
May 2020
34 centers in the United States
Kim et al.( 30 )	867 patients with CLD 227 patients with cirrhosis	Higher mortality in ALD	14.0% mortality rate Higher mortality in decompensated cirrhosis (CTP class C) and HCC New or worsening hepatic decompensation in 7.7% of patients	N/A
September 2020
21 centers in the United States
Marjot et al.( 31 )	359 patients with CLD but no cirrhosis 386 patients with cirrhosis Comparator group: 620 propensity score–matched patients without CLD	Mortality rate of 7.5% ALD associated with higher mortality (in entire cohort of CLD and cirrhosis)	Mortality rate of 31.9% Increase in mortality stepwise by CTP class (A [19.3%], B [35.5%], C [50.5%])
October 2020
International registry (29 countries)