Table 3.
Sub-group analyses showing the pooled adjusted risk of unfavorable COVID-19 outcomes in participants with asthma or COPD stratified >10 vs. <10k participants.
| Study details | Meta-analysis | Heterogeneity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung disease | Sub-group | Number of studies | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Differences between groups | I2 |
| Hospitalisation | ||||||
| Asthma | >10k | 1 | 1.400 (0.818–2.395) | 0.219 | p = 0.079 | 0.000 |
| <10k | 6 | 0.841 (0.697–1.014) | 0.070 | 86.609 | ||
| COPD | >10k | 4 | 1.374 (1.291–1.463) | <0.001 | p = 0.463 | 0.000 |
| <10k | 2 | 1.559 (1.120–2.169) | 0.008 | 67.174 | ||
| ICU admission | ||||||
| Asthma | >10k | 3 | 0.757 (0.537–1.065) | 0.110 | p = 0.748 | 91.376 |
| <10k | 1 | 0.656 (0.295–1.459) | 0.301 | 0.000 | ||
| COPD | >10k | 3 | 1.191 (0.994–1.426) | 0.058 | p = 0.077 | 69.159 |
| <10k | 6 | 1.708 (1.196–2.441) | 0.003 | 65.159 | ||
| Mortality (aORs) | ||||||
| Asthma | >10k | 6 | 0.808 (0.695–0.938) | 0.013 | p = 0.133 | 62.813 |
| <10k | 1 | 1.317 (0.708–2.450) | 0.005 | 0.000 | ||
| COPD | >10k | 7 | 1.251 (1.160–1.349) | <0.001 | p = 0.320 | 37.046 |
| <10k | 10 | 1.425 (1.115–1.821) | 0.005 | 36.935 | ||
| Mortality (aHRs from Cox regression models) | ||||||
| Asthma | >10k | 2 (3 outcomes) | 0.913 (0.852–0.978) | 0.009 | p = 0.529 | 59.036 |
| <10k | 3 | 0.993 (0.772–1.275) | 0.954 | 69.146 | ||
| COPD | >10k | 2 (3 outcomes) | 1.132 (1.097–1.168) | <0.001 | p = 0.001 | 36.191 |
| <10k | 7 | 1.590 (1.305–1.937) | <0.001 | 58.320 | ||
COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio.