Table 1.
Results of univariable and multivariable analyses on overall survival of glioma patients from multiple cohorts.
| Univariable Cox | Multivariable Cox | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| TCGA microarray cohort | ||||
| Gender (male vs. female) | 1.09 (0.87-1.35) | 0.457 | 1.22 (0.98-1.53) | 0.080 |
| Radiation (yes vs. no) | 0.13 (0.09-0.18) | < 0.001* | 0.15 (0.10-0.21) | < 0.001* |
| Chemotherapy (yes vs. no) | 0.43 (0.33-0.54) | < 0.001* | 0.56 (0.43-0.72) | < 0.001* |
| Ethnicity (not Hispanic or Latino vs. Hispanic or Latino) | 0.90 (0.46-1.75) | 0.750 | 0.87 (9,44-1.72) | 0.685 |
| Race | ||||
| White | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Asian | 0.97 (0.48-1.96) | 0.935 | 1.05 (0.52-2.16) | 0.885 |
| Black or African American | 0.82 (0.54-1.24) | 0.350 | 0.96 (0.63-1.46) | 0.845 |
| Phenotype | ||||
| Immune-L | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Immune-M | 0.82 (0.43-1.56) | 0.550 | 0.68 (0.35-1.30) | 0.246 |
| Immune-H | 0.94 (0.49-1.79) | 0.849 | 0.81 (0.42-1.55) | 0.525 |
| TCGA GBM RNA-seq cohort | ||||
| Age (y) | ||||
| < 50 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 50-59 | 1.26 (0.69-2.31) | 0.445 | 1.37 (0.70-2.68) | 0.358 |
| 60-69 | 0.98 (0.56-1.72) | 0.944 | 0.93 (0.48-1.80) | 0.831 |
| 70-79 | 1.97 (1.03-3.79) | 0.042* | 2.20 (1.01-4.79) | 0.048* |
| Gender (male vs. female) | 0.89 (0.57-1.38) | 0.599 | 1.19 (0.72-1.98) | 0.497 |
| Radiation (yes vs. no) | 0.31 (0.15-0.65) | 0.002* | 0.31 (0.10-0.94) | 0.039* |
| Chemotherapy (yes vs. no) | 0.34 (0.18-0.66) | 0.002* | 0.76 (0.25-2.28) | 0.620 |
| Adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy (yes vs. no) | 0.64 (0.41-0.99) | 0.050* | 0.91 (0.53-1.58) | 0.746 |
| Histology type | ||||
| Proneural | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Neural | 0.94 (0.49-1.84) | 0.866 | 0.96 (0.45-2.03) | 0.907 |
| Classical | 0.88 (0.44-1.52) | 0.534 | 1.10 (0.54-2.24) | 0.794 |
| Mesenchymal | 0.99 (0.56-1.75) | 0.964 | 0.92 (0.45-1.87) | 0.814 |
| Phenotype | ||||
| Immune-L | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Immune-M | 0.77 (0.28-2.13) | 0.619 | 0.88 (0.30-2.59) | 0.817 |
| Immune-H | 1.68 (0.96-2.92) | 0.067 | 2.00 (1.04-3.86) | 0.038* |
| CGGA microarray cohort | ||||
| Age (y) | ||||
| < 50 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 50-59 | 2.80 (1.96-4.01) | < 0.001* | 1.70 (1.13-2.55) | 0.011* |
| 60-69 | 2.61 (1.67-4.08) | < 0.001* | 1.60 (0.99-2.59) | 0.055 |
| 70-79 | 16.69 (2.24-) | 0.006* | 6.42 (0.77-53.42) | 0.085 |
| Gender (male vs. female) | 1.27 (0.94-1.72) | 0.125 | 1.08 (0.78-1.49) | 0.640 |
| PRS type | ||||
| Primary | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Recurrent | 1.89 (1.11-3.22) | 0.020* | 2.19 (1.17-4.10) | 0.014* |
| Secondary | 4.44 (2.25-8.77) | < 0.001* | 2.83 (1.31-6.14) | 0.008* |
| Histology (GBM vs. LGG) | 4.44 (3.24-6.09) | < 0.001* | 4.69 (2.81-7.85) | < 0.001* |
| Grade | ||||
| WHO II | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| WHO III | 3.08 (1.94-4.90) | < 0.001* | 2.77 (1.62-4.71) | < 0.001* |
| WHO IV | 6.83 (4.60-10.12) | < 0.001* | NA | NA |
| Radiation (yes vs. no) | 0.49 (0.31-0.78) | 0.003* | 0.48 (0.28-0.81) | 0.006* |
| Chemotherapy (yes vs. no) | 1.57 (1.16-2.14) | 0.004* | 0.83 (0.57-1.20) | 0.314 |
| IDH1 status (IDH1 MT vs IDH1 WT) | 0.42 (0.31-0.58) | < 0.001* | 0.88 (0.59-1.31) | 0.533 |
| Histology type | ||||
| Proneural | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Neural | 0.80 (0.51-1.27) | 0.343 | 0.95 (0.58-1.56) | 0.845 |
| Classical | 2.67 (1.50-4.74) | < 0.001* | 1.15 (0.59-2.25) | 0.673 |
| Mesenchymal | 2.61 (1.81-3.77) | < 0.001* | 1.75 (1.05-2.91) | 0.031* |
| Phenotype | ||||
| Immune-L | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Immune-M | 1.77 (1.20-2.61) | 0.004* | 1.14 (0.71-1.82) | 0.584 |
| Immune-H | 2.31 (1.59-3.36) | < 0.001* | 0.83 (0.48-1.44) | 0.512 |
| CGGA RNA-seq cohort | ||||
| Age (y) | ||||
| < 50 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 50-59 | 1.65 (1.33-2.05) | < 0.001* | 1.11 (0.88-1.39) | 0.376 |
| 60-69 | 2.40 (1.85-3.11) | < 0.001* | 1.26 (0.96-1.67) | 0.099 |
| 70-79 | 4.19 (2.53-6.95) | < 0.001* | 2.35 (1.38-3.98) | 0.002* |
| Gender (male vs. female) | 1.01 (0.85-1.20) | 0.922 | 1.12 (0.94-1.33) | 0.217 |
| PRS type | ||||
| Primary | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Recurrent | 2.23 (1.86-2.67) | < 0.001* | 2.30 (1.90-2.79) | < 0.001* |
| Secondary | 4.37 (2.92-6.54) | < 0.001* | 3.11 (2.00-4.83) | < 0.001* |
| Histology (GBM vs. LGG) | 4.38 (3.66-5.25) | < 0.001* | 5.85 (4.25-8.06) | < 0.001* |
| Grade | ||||
| WHO II | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| WHO III | 2.04 (2.24-3.87) | < 0.001* | 2.68 (2.00-3.59) | < 0.001* |
| WHO IV | 8.33 (6.39-10.85) | < 0.001* | NA | NA |
| Radiation (yes vs. no) | 0.97 (0.77-1.23) | 0.817 | 0.83 (0.64-1.06) | 0.130 |
| Chemotherapy (yes vs. no) | 1.59 (1.30-1.94) | < 0.001* | 0.72 (0.57-0.89) | 0.003* |
| IDH1 status (IDH1 MT vs IDH1 WT) | 0.32 (0.27-0.38) | < 0.001* | 0.50 (0.40-0.62) | < 0.001* |
| Phenotype | ||||
| Immune-L | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Immune-M | 1.44 (1.18-1.74) | < 0.001* | 1.04 (0.86-1.27) | 0.685 |
| Immune-H | 1.94 (1.54-2.44) | < 0.001* | 0.94 (0.73-1.20) | 0.607 |
*represents the statistical test is significant (P < 0.05).
HR, hazard ratio; TMZ, temozolomide; LGG, low grade glioma; GBM, glioblastoma; IDH1 MT, IDH1 mutant type; IDH1 WT, IDH1 wild type; NA, not available.