Table 1.
Characteristics of study groups
| Variables | 1st Trimester | 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control n: 26 mean (SD) | COVID‐19 n: 24 mean (SD) | Control n: 22 mean (SD) | COVID‐19 n: 26 mean (SD) | Control n: 22 mean (SD) | COVID‐19 n: 21 mean (SD) | |
| Age (year) | 26.34 (4.02) | 28.37 (4.70) | 28.04 (6.27) | 29.76 (6.66) | 26.3 (4.11) | 28.95 (4.77) |
| Gestational age (week) | 9.11 (3.14) | 9.83 (3.11) | 22 (4.45) | 24.69 (3.06) | 34.69 (3.27) | 35.28 (3.39) |
| Gravidity | 1.9 (0.8) | 2.3 (1.5) | 2.54 (1.29) | 2.65 (1.38) | 1.9 (0.95) | 2.61 (1.68) |
| Parity | 0.73 (0.72) | 1.04 (1.32) | 1.22 (1.15) | 1.34 (1.29) | 0.769 (0.725) | 1.47 (1.40) |
| WBC per ml | 8192 (2343)a | 5905 (3018)a | 10,422 (2777)b | 6407 (2030)b | 10,240 (1745)c | 7301 (2619)c |
| Neutrophil per ml | 5587 (1982)d | 4162 (2768)d | 7930 (2329)b | 4705 (1853)b | 7371 (1382)e | 5446 (2391)e |
| Lymphocyte per ml | 1970 (552)f | 1257 (442)f | 1807 (542)b | 1181 (509)b | 1965 (435)g | 1292 (613)g |
| Monocyte per ml | 381 (128) | 345 (170) | 444 (126)h | 327 (203)h | 591 (224)g | 360 (209)g |
| CRP, mg/dl | 9.81 (8.85) | 14.02 (14.26) | 8.48 (5)h | 24.49 (33.64)h | 4.69 (3.45)g | 17.45 (15.28)g |
| ESR | NA | NA | 29.38 (16.5) | 13.27 (27.86) | 33.72 (10.12) | 29.81 (34.65) |
| IL‐6, pg/ml | NA | NA | 7.17 (11.98) | 8.84 (10.99) | 3.87 (1.08)e | 14.90 (16.56)e |
| Ferritin, ng/ml | 26.17 (22.75) | 47.04 (59.29) | 13.38 (10.58) | 35.53 (55.10) | 9.38 (5.62)e | 31.63 (45.39)e |
| Hemoglobulin, g/dl | 12.9 (1.06) | 12.35 (0.96) | 12.10 (1.08)i | 11.22 (1.03)i | 11.60 (0.93) | 10.86 (1.29) |
| Hematokrit, % | 38.83 (3.26) | 37.46 (2.79) | 37.04 (2.98)i | 34.29 (3.60)i | 35.53 (2.84) | 33.42 (3.57) |
| Platelet count | 267,692 (64,728)d | 225,250 (57,912)d | 259,181 (56,120)i | 208,240 (68,492)i | 244,076 (58,377) | 222,904 (54,701) |
| BUN, mg/dl | 19.03 (5.86) | 18.78 (5.0) | 17.65 (3.74)i | 14.34 (3.11)i | 17.58 (5.16) | 15.76 (5.34) |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.552 (0.06) | 0.533 (0.09) | 0.50 (0.08) | 0.45 (0.07) | 0.45 (0.07) | 0.47 (0.08) |
| ALT, IU | 17.84 (8.40) | 28.86 (27.83) | 18.1 (5.09) | 30.69 (33.49) | 13.33 (3.91)e | 21.33 (15.94)e |
| AST, IU | 13.52 (4.11)d | 22.34 (15.96)d | 14.45 (3.76) | 38.8 (67.06) | 14.66 (2.64)g | 24.95 (12.38)g |
| D‐dimer, mcg/ml | 0.468 (0.391) | 0.761 (0.739) | 0.818 (0.354)h | 1.5 (0.849)h | 1.95 (0.98) | 3.13 (2.05) |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 3.11 (1.70) | 3.72 (0.81) | 4.52 (0.25)h | 3.74 (0.86)h | 4.49 (0.62) | 3.81 (0.91) |
| Maternal selenium level, mcg/L | 44.59 (8.40) | 46.52 (8.17) | 46.15 (8.15)b | 36.03 (9.68)b | 36.15 (6.25)g | 27.01 (7.82)g |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urinary nitrogen; CRP, C‐reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; WBC, white blood cell.
p < .01 between control and COVID‐19 group in 1st trimester.
p < .001 between control and COVID‐19 group in 2nd trimester.
p < .001 between control and COVID‐19 group in 3rd trimester.
p < .05 between control and COVID‐19 group in 1st trimester.
p < .05 between control and COVID‐19 group in 3rd trimester.
p < .001 between control and COVID‐19 group in 1st trimester.
p < .01 between control and COVID‐19 group in 3rd trimester.
p < .05 between control and COVID‐19 group in 2nd trimester.
p < .01 between control and COVID‐19 group in 2nd trimester.