TABLE 2.
Comparison of POC platforms for detection of cytokines
| Target cytokine | Sensing format | Sample | Sample volume (μL) | Assay time (minute) | Detection limit (pg/mL) | Dynamic range (pg/mL) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL‐6 | colorimetric LFA | Plasma | 150 | 20 | 380 | 1250‐9 × 106 | [115] |
| IL‐6 | fluorescence LFA | Serum | 70 | 15 | 0.37 | 2‐500 | [116] |
| IL‐10, IFN‐γ | fluorescence LFA | Serum | 10 | 15 | 30 | 30‐1000 | [144] |
| IL‐6 | fluorescence LFA | Blood | 10‐50 | 6 | 0.002 | 0‐0.84 | [118] |
| IL‐6 | colorimetric LFA | Buffer | 40 | <1 | 29 | 0.1‐10 | [145] |
| IL‐6 | colorimetric LFA | Blood | 2.5 | 17 | 0.1 | 0.001‐10 | [146] |
| IL‐6 | fluorescence LFA | Serum | – | – | 0.9 | 1‐1000 | [147] |
| IL‐1β, IL‐12p70, TNFα | Fluorescence | Serum | 10 | <15 | 7.4 (IL‐1β), 2 (IL‐12p70), 6.5 (TNFα) | 60‐150 | [148] |
| IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TRAIL, IP‐10 | EIS | Plasma | ∼40 | ∼5 | 0.1 (IL‐6), 0.1 (IL‐8), 1 (IL‐10), 1 (TRAIL), 1 (IP‐10) | 0.01‐10 000 (IL‐6), 0.01‐5000 (IL‐8), 0.1‐1000 (IL‐10), 1‐1000 (TRAIL), 1‐2000 (IP‐10) | [131] |
| TGF‐β1 | CA | Saliva | 5 | 5 | 0.95 | 2.5‐1000 | |
| IFN‐γ | EIS | Serum | 25 | 30 | 3.4 | 5‐1000 | [129] |
| IFN‐γ | EIS | PBS | – | <35 | 520 | 1000‐5000 | [149] |
| IFN‐γ, IL‐10 | EIS | Serum | – | – | 25 (IFN‐γ), 46 (IL‐10) | 100‐5000 (IFN‐γ), 100‐2000 (IL‐10) | [150] |
| IL‐3 | CA | Blood | 100 | <60 | ∼5 | 1‐1000 | [11] |
| IL‐β1, TNF‐α | EC | Serum, saliva | 1.5 | 150 | 0.38 (IL‐1β), 0.85 (TNF‐α) | 0.5‐100 (IL‐1β), 1‐200 (TNF‐α) | [151] |
| CEA, NSE | DPV | Serum | 20 | – | 2 (CEA), 10 (NSE) | 10‐5 × 105 (CEA), | |
| 5‐5 × 105 (NSE) | [152] | ||||||
| IL‐4 | FET | CCM | 20 | Real time | 2.5 | 0.025‐2.5 × 106 | [136] |
| IL‐6 | FET | Saliva | 10 | 400 | 286 | 1.19×103‐2.38 × 103 | [137] |
| TNF‐α | FET | Sweat | – | 5 | 456 | 877‐8.77 × 106 | [138] |
| TNF‐α | FET | Sweat | – | – | 87.7 | 877‐1.75 × 106 | [139] |
| IFN‐γ | FET | Sweat | – | – | 11.8 | 240‐4 × 106 | [141] |
| IFN‐γ | CA | Plasma | 100 | 8 | 40 | 16‐2048 | [153] |
IL‐6: interleukin 6, TRAIL: tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand, IP‐10: interferon gamma‐induced protein‐10, HC: healthy control, TGF‐β1: transforming growth factor β1, IFN‐γ: interferon‐gamma, CCL4: chemokine CC motif ligand 4, IP‐10: IFN‐γ‐inducible protein 10, LFA: lateral flow assay, VL: visceral leishmaniasis, CCM: cell culture media, DPV: differential pulse voltammetry, CA: chronoamperometry, CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen, NSE: neuron‐specific enolase, FET: filed effect transistor, EIS: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.