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. 2021 Jun 16;12:636731. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636731

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Copyright © 2021 De Groot, Desai, Lelias, Miah, Terry, Khan, Li, Yi, Ardito, Martin and Kishnani

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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GAA-peptides modulate T regulatory to T effector cell ratio. Healthy donor PBMCs were stimulated with Tetanus Toxoid (TT) with or without GAA-selected peptides for 7 days and analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) Representative flow cytometry dot plots show the effect of hGAA-6 peptide on the inhibition of T effector (CD4+CD25^hiFoxP3^int) cells for a single donor. (B) The effect of hGAA-6 peptide on regulatory T cells (CD4+CD127^lowCD25^hiFoxP3^hi) in the representative donor is shown. (C) Representative histogram indicates the effect of selected GAA peptides on the Treg to Teff ratio in an individual donor. GAA peptides 1a, 1b, 6 and 11 significantly increased the Treg : Teff ratio similar to the FV621 Tregitope control. P values * ≤ 0.05, ** ≤ 0.005, *** ≤ 0.0005 and **** ≤ 0.00005 represents statistical significance between peptide stimulation at a given concentration vs TT using a two-tailed t test.