Table 4.
Risk-of-Bias Assessment for RCTs: Cochrane Tool, Jadad Scale a
| Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool: Scale Item a | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study (Year) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Jadad Score |
| Aga (2018) 1 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low (2.5%) | Low | Low | Low | Low | 5 |
| Tashiro (2017) 40 | Low | High | High | High | Low (20%) | Low | Low | Low | High | 0 |
| Youm (2014) 49 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low (0%) | Low | Low | Low | Low | 5 |
| Xu (2013) 47 | Low | Low | High | High | Low (17.5%) | Low | Low | Low | High | 3 |
| Kim (2018) 18 | Low | Low | Low | High | Low (7.8%) | Low | Low | Low | Low | 3 |
a Items: 1 = focal question; 2 = random sequence generation; 3 = allocation concealment; 4 = blinding; 5 = completeness of outcome data (<20% lost); 6 = demographic or prognostic characteristics; 7 = outcomes; 8 = intention to treat; 9 = sample calculation; RCT, randomized controlled trial.