Table 2.
Crude and multivariable Cox regression models assessing the impact of secondary mitral regurgitation on long term mortality (n=13 310). Results are shown as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)
| Observed sMR grade | No of patients/events | Univariable model | Bootstrap adjusted model* | Clinical risk factor adjusted model† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | ||||
| Total study population: | 13 223/4330 | ||||||||
| No/mild sMR | 4007/1129 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Moderate sMR | 7899/2668 | 1.29 (1.20 to 1.38) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.08 to 1.26) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.16) | 0.04 | ||
| Severe sMR | 1317/533 | 1.82 (1.64 to 2.02) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.29-1.64) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.32 to 1.67) | <0.001 | ||
| HFpEF: | 7362/2314 | ||||||||
| No/mild sMR | 2540/752 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Moderate sMR | 4491/1443 | 1.15 (1.06 to 1.26) | 0.001 | 1.07 (0.97 to 1.18) | 0.18 | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.10) | 0.94 | ||
| Severe sMR | 331/119 | 1.52 (1.25 to 1.85) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.04 to 1.61) | 0.02 | 1.49 (1.21 to 1.84) | <0.001 | ||
| HFmrEF: | 3242/1036 | ||||||||
| No/mild sMR | 643/139 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Moderate sMR | 2269/755 | 1.65 (1.38 to 1.98) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.13 to 1.75) | 0.002 | 1.30 (1.08 to 1.57) | 0.006 | ||
| Severe sMR | 330/142 | 2.53 (2.00 to 3.19) | <0.001 | 2.00 (1.51 to 2.65) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.50 to 2.52) | <0.001 | ||
| HFrEF: | 2619/980 | ||||||||
| No/mild sMR | 824/238 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Moderate sMR | 1139/470 | 1.61 (1.38 to 1.88) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.18 to 1.69) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.17 to 1.62) | <0.001 | ||
| Severe sMR | 656/272 | 1.70 (1.43 to 2.03) | <0.001 | 1.54 (1.26 to 1.88) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.24 to 1.81) | <0.001 | ||
HFmrEF=heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (40-49%); HFpEF=heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (≥50%); HFrEF=heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (<40%); NT-proBNP=N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; sMR=secondary mitral regurgitation.
Adjusted for BMI, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, left ventricular function, blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, albumin, and γ-glutamyltransferase.
Adjusted for age, sex, ischaemic heart disease, mitral valve intervention, serum creatinine, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, left ventricular function, and right ventricular function.