Fig. 1.

Effects of kisspeptin (1 nmol/kg/h) on reproductive hormones and GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex. (A) Representative voxel placement in the ACC coronal and (B) sagittal section. (C) Representative MRS spectrum (black) and GABA peak fit (red). (D) Kisspeptin increased circulating LH but not (E) testosterone levels compared to vehicle (mean ± SEM, ****p < 0.0001, mixed model analysis of variance, n = 19). (F) Kisspeptin decreased GABA levels corrected to water (F), (t18 = 2.173, p = 0.043) and (G) creatine (Cr) (t18 = 2.443, p = 0.025) (mean ± SEM and within-participant raw data, paired t-test, n = 19) (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).