Table 2.

Review of cases reporting the association COVID-19 and pericardial disease

	Age/Sex	Past medical history	Symptoms	ECG findings	Echo findings	Troponin	Diagnosis	Outcome
Inciardi et al. 2020 JAMA Cardiol	53/F	None	Fever, cough, fatigue	Low voltage in limb leads; diffuse ST elevation; ST depression with T-wave inversion in V1, aVR	Diffuse LV hypokinesis, LVEF 40%, circumferential pericardial effusion	Elevated	Myopericarditis	Recovery
Hua et al. 2020 Eur Heart J	47/F	Previous myocarditis	Cough, chest pain, dyspnea	Sinus tachycardia; concave ST elevation in infero-lateral leads	Normal LV function, pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Elevated	Myopericarditis and cardiac tamponade	Recovery
Hu et al. 2020 Eur Heart J	37/M	None	Chest pain, dyspnea, diarrhea	ST elevation in III, aVF	Enlarged heart, LVEF 27%, pericardial effusion	Elevated	Fulminant myocarditis	Recovery
Khatri et al. 2020 Heart Lung	50/M	Hypertension, ischemic stroke	Fever, cough, dyspnea, near-syncope	Sinus tachycardia; ST elevation in II, III, aVF; ST depression in I, aVL	Severe global LV dysfunction; enlarged RV, RV dysfunction, pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Elevated	Purulent fulminant myopericarditis and cardiac tamponade	Death
Fried et al. 2020 Circulation	64/F	Hypertension, hyperlipidemia	Chest pain	Sinus tachycardia; ST elevation in I, II, aVL, V2-V6; ST depression and PR elevation in aVR	Severe concentric LV hypertrophy, LVEF 30%, dilated and hypokinetic RV, circumferential pericardial effusion	Elevated	Myopericarditis	Recovery
Cizgici et al. 2020 Am J Emerg Med	78/M	Hypertension	Chest pain, dyspnea	Atrial fibrillation; diffuse concave ST elevation		Elevated	Myopericarditis	Recovery
Irabien-Ortiz et al. 2020 Rev Esp Cardiol	59/F	Hypertension	Chest pain	Diffuse ST elevation and PR depression	Concentric hypertrophy, LVEF normal, moderate pericardial effusion	Elevated	Fulminant myocarditis	Recovery
Kumar et al. 2020 BMJ Case Rep	66/M	Crohn’s disease, hypertension	Chest pain	ST elevation in most leads & PR depression	Echo bright pericardium	Normal	Acute pericarditis	Recovery
Dabbagh et al. 2020 JACC Case Rep	67/F	Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with low EF	Left shoulder pain, cough, dyspnea	Low voltage in limb leads; non-specific ST-segment changes	LVEF 40%, pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Normal	Cardiac tamponade	Recovery
Demertzis et al. 2020 Eur Heart J Case Rep	67/F	Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with EF 50%, hypertension	Cough, dyspnea	Normal	Pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Elevated	Cardiac tamponade	Recovery
Farina et al. 2020 Eur J Intern Med	59/M		Fever, dyspnea		Pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Elevated	Cardiac tamponade	Recovery
Purohit et al. 2020 Am J Case Rep	82/F	Multiple comorbidities	Cough, fever, diarrhea	Diffuse T-waves inversion; prolonged QT interval	LVEF normal, pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Elevated	Myopericarditis and cardiac tamponade	Recovery
Asif et al. 2020 Eur J Case Rep Intern Med	70/F	Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, NSTEMI	Chest pain, dyspnea	Diffuse ST elevation and PR depression	LVEF normal, pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade		Acute pericarditis and cardiac tamponade	Recovery
Walker et al. 2020 J Med Case Rep	30/F	None	Fever, cough, chest pain	Sinus tachycardia	Pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade		Acute pericarditis and cardiac tamponade	Recovery
Fox et al. 2020 Cureus	43/M	None	Fever, cough, dyspnea, chest pain	Sinus tachycardia; diffuse concave ST-elevation and PR depression; PR-elevation in aVR	Pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Normal	Acute pericarditis and cardiac tamponade	Recovery
Amoozgar et al. 2020 Medicine (Baltimore)	56/M	Gout	Chest pain, dyspnea	Atrial fibrillation	Circumferential pericardial effusion with mildly thickened pericardium	Normal	Acute pericarditis	Recovery
Blagojevic et al. 2020 Int J Infect Dis	51/M	Hypertension	Chest pain	Diffuse ST elevation and PR depression in II-III-aVF, V2-V6	Pericardial effusion	Normal	Acute pericarditis	Recovery
Ozturan et al. 2020 Clin Exp Emerg Med	25/M	None	Chest pain, dyspnea	Sinus tachycardia; ST elevation & PR depression in I, aVL, V5, V6; ST depression & PR elevation in aVR	LVEF 35%, diffuse hypokinesia	Elevated	Myopericarditis	Recovery
Sauer et al. 2020 Eur Heart J Case Rep	51/M	Asthma, active smoking	Chest pain, dyspnea	Anterolateral ST-elevation with a low QRS voltage	Pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Elevated	Acute pericarditis and cardiac tamponade	Recovery
	60/M	Active smoking	Shivers, diffuse erythema	Flattened T waves in lateral leads	LVEF normal, pericardial effusion	Elevated	Myopericarditis	Recovery
	84/F	Hypertension, hyperlipidemia	Fever, dyspnea		Pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Normal	Polyserositis complicated by cardiac tamponade	Recovery
Thrupthi et al. 2021 Cureus	68/M	Hypertension, osteoarthritis	Fever, cough, dyspnea, chest pain	ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF, and V4-V6	Normal	Normal	Acute pericarditis	Recovery
Faraj et al. 2021 Ann Med Surg (Lond)	36/M	None	Chest pain, dyspnea	Normal	Pericardial effusion	Normal	Acute pericarditis	Recovery
Patel et al. 2021 AME Case Rep	63/M	Hypertension	Fever, cough, chest pain	Diffuse concave ST elevations and PR depression	LVEF normal, pericardial effusion	Normal	Acute pericarditis	Recovery
Cairns et al. 2021 J Med Case Rep	58/F	Diabetes mellitus, hypertension	Fever, diarrhea, vomit		Pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Elevated	Myopericarditis and cardiac tamponade	Recovery

LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NSTEMI non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, LV left ventricular, RV right ventricular