Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with diabetes and prediabetes among men in the Khuzestan study
| Variables | Prediabetes | Diabetes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted. RR (95% CI) |
Adjusted. RR* (95% CI) |
Unadjusted. RR (95% CI) |
Adjusted. RR* (95% CI) |
||
| Age (years) | 20–34.9 | ||||
| 35–49.9 | 1.44 (1.30, 1.59) | 1.38 (1.23, 1.55) | 4.13 (3.38, 5.03) | 3.56 (2.85, 4.46) | |
| 50–65 | 1.92 (1.72, 2.14) | 1.82 (1.61, 2.07) | 13.42 (11.08, 16.27) | 11.56 (9.24, 14.47) | |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | < 25 | ||||
| 25–29.9 | 1.57 (1.42, 1.72) | 1.46 (1.32, 1.61) | 1.94 (1.71, 2.22) | 1.66 (1.45, 1.90) | |
| ≥30 | 1.88 (1.68, 2.12) | 1.72 (1.52, 1.94) | 3.02 (2.60, 3.50) | 2.47 (2.11, 2.88) | |
|
Waist circumference (cm) |
< 90 | ||||
| ≥90 | 1.83 (1.68, 2.00) | 1.66 (1.51, 1.82) | 3.61 (3.16, 4.12) | 2.85 (2.48, 3.27) | |
| Hypertension | No | ||||
| Yes | 1.47 (1.32, 1.64) | 1.37 (1.22, 1.53) | 3.48 (3.08, 3.93) | 3.00 (2.65, 3.41) | |
|
Diabetes family history |
No | ||||
| Yes | 1.28 (1.16, 1.40) | 1.23 (1.12, 1.36) | 2.65 (2.37, 2.97) | 2.49 (2.21, 2.80) | |
| Education | Illiterate | ||||
| Elementary | 1.05 (0.92, 1.21) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) | 0.69 (0.59, 0.81) | 0.55 (0.47, 0.65) | |
| Secondary | 0.94 (0.82, 1.08) | 0.85 (0.73, 1.00) | 0.50 (0.42, 0.59) | 0.37 (0.31, 0.45) | |
| Higher education | 0.97 (0.81, 1.15) | 0.84 (0.69, 1.02) | 0.40 (0.32, 0.51) | 0.27 (0.21, 0.36) | |
*Data are adjusted for cigarette smoking (never vs. ever), hookah smoking (never vs. ever), opium use (never vs. ever), alcohol use (never vs. ever), marital status (single vs. married), residence (urban vs. rural), ethnicity (Arab vs. Bakhtiari vs. Fars vs. Turk/Kurd/Lur), and wealth index (four quartiles)
*RR Relative risk