Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population in training set and validation set
| Variables | Training (n = 183) | Validation (n = 79) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | Median (q1–q3) | 63.0 (56.0–70.0) | 63.0 (59.0–67.5) | 0.881 |
| Gender | Male (%) | 115 (62.8) | 43 (54.4) | 0.255 |
| Female (%) | 68 (37.2) | 36 (45.6) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | Median (q1–q3) | 22.4 (20.3–23.9) | 21.8 (19.9–24.1) | 0.353 |
| CEA (ng/mL) | < 5 (%) | 140 (76.5) | 51 (64.6) | 0.065 |
| ≥ 5 (%) | 43 (23.5) | 28 (35.4) | ||
| CA199 (U/mL) | < 37 (%) | 49 (26.8) | 16 (20.3) | 0.334 |
| ≥ 37 (%) | 134 (73.2) | 63 (79.7) | ||
| CA125 (U/mL) | < 35 (%) | 147 (80.3) | 68 (86.1) | 0.349 |
| ≥ 35 (%) | 36 (19.7) | 11 (13.9) | ||
| WBC (*10^9) | Median (q1–q3) | 6.0 (4.8–7.3) | 5.7 (4.4–6.8) | 0.220 |
| Hb (g/L) | Median (q1–q3) | 127.0 (116.0–140.0) | 129.0 (120.0–142.0) | 0.110 |
| Plt (*10^9) | Median (q1–q3) | 191.0 (154.5–232.0) | 204.0 (164.0–265.5) | 0.132 |
| Neut (*10^9) | Median (q1–q3) | 3.9 (2.9–4.8) | 3.4 (2.4–4.6) | 0.093 |
| Lymp (*10^9) | Median (q1–q3) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 0.275 |
| Mono (*10^9) | Median (q1–q3) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.295 |
| Alb (*10^9) | Median (q1–q3) | 40.4 (37.3–43.3) | 40.4 (36.4–43.4) | 0.622 |
| Glb (*10^9) | Median (q1–q3) | 26.7 (24.3–29.5) | 28.2 (26.1–31.9) | 0.002 |
| AGR | Median (q1–q3) | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 0.005 |
| NLR | Median (q1–q3) | 2.7 (2.0–4.2) | 2.4 (1.6–3.3) | 0.153 |
| LMR | Median (q1–q3) | 3.0 (2.1–4.2) | 3.5 (2.0–5.1) | 0.113 |
| PLR | Median (q1–q3) | 137.1 (106.3–184.1) | 140.0 (96.6–217.2) | 0.528 |
| AST (U/L) | Median (q1–q3) | 44.0 (20.5–111.5) | 31 (20–90.5) | 0.448 |
| ALT (U/L) | Median (q1–q3) | 50.0 (17.0–200.5) | 29.0 (17.0–139.0) | 0.119 |
| ALP (U/L) | Median (q1–q3) | 156.0 (89.5–391.5) | 105.0 (67.5–367.0) | 0.257 |
| GGT (U/L) | Median (q1–q3) | 159.0 (25.0–704.0) | 51.0 (20.0–494.0) | 0.162 |
| TB (μmol/L) | Median (q1–q3) | 22.1 (12.0–177.3) | 14.6 (9.4–134.1) | 0.716 |
| DB (μmol/L) | Median (q1–q3) | 6.4 (2.6–105.2) | 5.5 (3.2–109.2) | 0.360 |
| Location | Head-isthmus (%) | 139 (76.0) | 54 (68.4) | 0.259 |
| Body-tail (%) | 44 (24.0) | 25 (31.6) | ||
| Margin | R0 (%) | 176 (96.2) | 79 (100.0) | 0.106 |
| R1 (%) | 7 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| T stage | 1 (%) | 43 (23.5) | 2 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
| 2 (%) | 86 (47.0) | 55 (69.6) | ||
| 3 (%) | 54 (29.5) | 22 (27.8) | ||
| N stage | 0 (%) | 105 (57.4) | 36 (45.6) | 0.009 |
| 1 (%) | 56 (30.6) | 39 (49.4) | ||
| 2 (%) | 22 (12.0) | 4 (5.1) | ||
| VI | Yes (%) | 83 (45.4) | 20 (25.3) | 0.004 |
| No (%) | 100 (54.6) | 59 (74.7) | ||
| PI | Yes (%) | 143 (78.1) | 67 (84.8) | 0.283 |
| No (%) | 40 (21.9) | 12 (15.2) | ||
| ATI | Yes (%) | 82 (44.8) | 43 (54.4) | 0.195 |
| No (%) | 101 (55.2) | 36 (45.6) | ||
| Differentiation | Well (%) | 37 (20.2) | 5 (6.3) | 0.019 |
| Moderate (%) | 133 (72.7) | 68 (86.1) | ||
| Poor or undifferentiated (%) | 13 (7.1) | 6 (7.6) | ||
| OS | Median (q1–q3) | 19.0 (11.0–33.0) | 14.0 (9.0–28.0) | 0.340 |
| RFS | Median (q1–q3) | 11.0 (6.0–22.8) | 8.0 (4.0–19.5) | 0.503 |
| 1-year relapse | Yes (%) | 106 (57.9) | 49 (62.0) | 0.629 |
| No (%) | 77 (42.1) | 30 (38.0) | ||
| 2-year relapse | Yes (%) | 138 (75.4) | 59 (74.7) | 1.000 |
| No (%) | 45 (24.6) | 20 (25.3) |
BMI body mass index, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CA cancer antigen, WBC white blood cell, Hb Hemoglobin, Plt Platelet, Neut neutrophil, Lymph lymphocyte, Mono monocyte, Alb albumin, Glb globulin, AGR albumin-globulin ratio, NLR neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, LMR lymphcyte-monocyte ratio, PLR platelet-lymphocyte ratio, AST aspartate transaminase, ALT alanine transaminase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase, TB total bilirubin, DB direct bilirubin, VI vascular invasion, PI perineural invasion, ATI adipose tissue invasion, OS overall survival, RFS relapse-free survival