Fig. 3. Characterization of GluCDs and GluCD-F. (a) UV/Vis spectra of GluCDs and GluCD-F, (b) PL emission spectrum of GluCDs show excitation dependent PL emission. The maximum emission peak was at 450 nm when excited at 350 nm. Inset shows the normalized PL emission. (c) PL emission spectrum of GluCD-F. The PL emission of the conjugate is excitation independent. The maximum emission peak was at 526 nm when excited at 500 nm. (d) FTIR-ATR spectra of d-glucose (purple), GluCDs (black) and GluCD-F conjugate (red). (e) TEM image of GluCDs. Scale bar represents 10 nm. (f) Particle size distribution histogram of GluCDs.