Table 4.
Effect of tillage, biochar, poultry manure and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer, and their combination on soil chemical properties (0–15 cm depth) in 2019 after crop harvest.
| Tillage | Fertilizer | pH (water) | OC (%) | Total N (%) | Available P (mg kg−1) | Exchangeable K (cmol kg−1) | Exchangeable Ca (cmol kg−1) | Exchangeable Mg (cmol kg−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT | 5.0 | 1.11 | 0.12 | 6.6 | 0.09 | 1.2 | 0.26 | |
| CT | 300 kg ha−1 NPK | 4.6 | 1.12 | 0.15 | 8.2 | 0.11 | 1.4 | 0.32 |
| CT | 30 Mg ha−1 B | 5.5 | 1.97 | 0.14 | 9.3 | 0.14 | 2.0 | 0.38 |
| CT | 10 Mg ha−1 PM | 5.0 | 1.56 | 0.17 | 10.8 | 0.15 | 2.3 | 0.50 |
| CT | 150 kg ha−1 NPK +15 Mg ha−1 B + 5 Mg ha−1 PM | 5.3 | 1.77 | 0.20 | 12.9 | 0.18 | 2.5 | 0.66 |
| RT | 5.5 | 1.22 | 0.14 | 7.2 | 0.10 | 1.4 | 0.29 | |
| RT | 300 kg ha−1 NPK | 5.3 | 1.24 | 0.17 | 9.8 | 0.13 | 1.7 | 0.36 |
| RT | 30 Mg ha−1 B | 6.1 | 2.13 | 0.15 | 10.9 | 0.16 | 2.3 | 0.42 |
| RT | 10 Mg ha−1 PM | 5.7 | 1.74 | 0.19 | 12.4 | 0.17 | 2.5 | 0.56 |
| RT | 150 kg ha−1 NPK +15 Mg ha−1 B + 5 Mg ha−1 PM | 5.9 | 1.94 | 0.22 | 14.6 | 0.21 | 2.8 | 0.73 |
| SE | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.009 | 0.81 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.05 | |
| Tillage (T) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | |
| Fertilizer (F) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
| T x F | 0.989 | 0.022 | 0.032 | 0.314 | 0.035 | 0.0042 | 0.038 |
CT = Conventional tillage; RT = Reduced tillage; B = Biochar; PM = Poultry manure; NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer.