Table 3.
Effect of experimental diets on hepatic total lipids, total cholesterol and fatty acid (FA) composition of broilers
| Item | Control | CH | CHR | CHM | SEM | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total lipids, g/100 g | 3.10 | 2.90 | 3.20 | 2.98 | 0.126 | 0.363 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/g | 1.09 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.06 | 0.073 | 0.614 |
| FA composition, g/100 g FA | ||||||
| C10:0 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.002 | 0.192 |
| C12:0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.003 | 0.446 |
| C14:0 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.025 | 0.395 |
| C14:1c9 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.851 |
| C15:0 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.005 | 0.988 |
| DMA-C16:0 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.018 | 0.819 |
| C16:0 | 19.6 | 17.6 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 0.920 | 0.533 |
| C16:1c7 | 0.18a | 0.28b | 0.27b | 0.30b | 0.014 | < 0.001 |
| C16:1c9 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.62 | 0.135 | 0.580 |
| C17:0 | 0.34 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.028 | 0.210 |
| C17:1c9 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.005 | 0.108 |
| DMA-C18:0 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.037 | 0.369 |
| DMA-C18:1 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.004 | 0.848 |
| C18:0 | 22.9 | 24.4 | 24.3 | 23.6 | 0.540 | 0.222 |
| C18:1c9 | 12.9 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 12.2 | 1.628 | 0.562 |
| C18:1c11 | 1.11 | 1.26 | 1.22 | 1.28 | 0.044 | 0.048 |
| C18:2n-6 | 20.0 | 20.5 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 0.603 | 0.860 |
| C18:3n-6 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.003 | 0.255 |
| C18:2t9t12 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.011 | 0.794 |
| C18:3n-3 | 0.46 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.035 | 0.099 |
| C18:4n-3 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.100 |
| C20:0 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.009 | 0.806 |
| C20:1c11 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.021 | 0.282 |
| C20:2n-6 | 1.09 | 1.21 | 1.13 | 1.04 | 0.085 | 0.564 |
| C20:3n-6 | 1.13 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.11 | 0.095 | 0.843 |
| C20:4n-6 | 11.7 | 13.1 | 12.1 | 11.5 | 1.034 | 0.695 |
| C20:3n-3 | 0.08a | 0.12b | 0.12b | 0.11ab | 0.009 | 0.032 |
| C20:5n-3 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.022 | 0.065 |
| C22:0 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.005 | 0.973 |
| C22:1n-9 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.589 |
| C22:2n-6 | 0.015 | 0.012 | 0.016 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.316 |
| C22:5n-3 | 1.24 | 1.18 | 1.07 | 1.02 | 0.111 | 0.481 |
| C22:6n-3 | 1.95 | 3.02 | 2.79 | 2.63 | 0.324 | 0.130 |
| Others | 3.56 | 2.82 | 3.35 | 2.98 | 0.343 | 0.426 |
| Partial sums of FA, g/100 g FA | ||||||
| SFA1 | 43.3 | 42.8 | 43.8 | 43.1 | 0.568 | 0.659 |
| MUFA2 | 15.2 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 14.8 | 1.785 | 0.601 |
| PUFA3 | 38.1 | 41.2 | 39.9 | 38.5 | 1.932 | 0.667 |
| n-6 PUFA4 | 34.0 | 35.9 | 34.9 | 33.7 | 1.594 | 0.773 |
| n-3 PUFA5 | 3.97 | 5.18 | 4.87 | 4.64 | 0.396 | 0.191 |
| Ratios of FA | ||||||
| PUFA/SFA | 0.88 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.053 | 0.672 |
| n-6/n-3 | 8.79a | 7.22b | 7.38ab | 7.57ab | 0.382 | 0.025 |
The broilers were fed: (1) a corn-soybean based diet (Control); (2) the based diet plus 10% C. vulgaris (CH); (3) diet 2 supplemented with 0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP; and (4) diet 2 supplemented with 0.01% of a pre-selected four-CAZyme mixture (CHM)
SEM - standard error of the mean; FA - fatty acids; DMA - dimethylacetal; SFA - saturated fatty acids; MUFA - monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA - polyunsaturated fatty acids
1 Sum (C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0)
2 Sum (C14:1c9, C16:1c7, C16:1c9, C17:1c9, C17:1c10, C18:1c9, C18:1c11, C20:1c11, C22:1n-9)
3 Sum (C18:2n-6, C18:2t9t12, C18:3n-6, C18:3n-3, C18:4n-3, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:3n-3, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3, C22:6n-3)
4 Sum (C18:2n-6, C18:3n-6, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6)
5 Sum (C18:3n-3, C18:4n-3, C20:3n-3, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3, C22:6n-3)
a.b Different superscripts within a row indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05)