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. 2021 Jun 30;22:487. doi: 10.1186/s12864-021-07822-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Whole genome-resequencing analysis and identification of candidate genes associated with knob phenotype. A Principal component analysis among 3 different geese breeds. W, Sichuan White goose; L, Landes goose; S, Lion head goose. B Distribution of Fst and log2(θ_π ratio (LD/Others)) values (indicated by green and blue colors, respectively) calculated in sliding 50-kb windows with 10-kb steps. The data pointed in red were genomic regions under strong selection. C PSGs were intersected with the DEGs in the knob skin and bone. PSGs, candidate genes under positive selection; DEGs, differentially expressed genes. D Heatmap of 12 crucial genes associated with selected genes and major pathways. LP, skin located on knob of Landes goose; SP, skin located on knob of Lion head goose; WP, skin located on knob of Sichuan White goose; LG, bone located in knob of Landes goose; SG, bone located in knob of Lion head goose; WG, bone located in knob of Sichuan White goose. E Genomic region with strong selective sweep signals on scaffold 258 of goose. The values of Fst and log2(θπ ratio) were plotted. The shade represented the position of DIO2 gene in this scaffold