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. 2021 Jun 29;18:105. doi: 10.1186/s12984-021-00888-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Characteristics of muscles and spinal cord injured (SCI) participants. a The proportion of upper limb, lower limb, and trunk muscles assessed using sEMG. b The number of studies assessing individual lower limb, c upper limb, and d trunk muscles. e The proportion of male, female, and control (able-bodied, AB) participants in sEMG assessments. f The number of studies not reporting the use of controls (AB) or sex. g The age of SCI participants at the time of the sEMG assessment. h Historical perspective of the muscles and participants studied. AB able-bodied, M male, F female, T total, SCI spinal cord injury