Table 2.
Characteristics of respondents presenting at Northwestern fertility clinics.
| Characteristic | Overall | No. of complete cases | White | Black | Hispanic | Asian | Multiple/other | Test statistic/unadjusted P value for omnibus test/ adjusted P value | No coverage | <50% coverage | 50%–74% coverage | 75%–100% coverage | Test statistic/unadjusted P value for omnibus test/adjusted P value | <$100,000 | $100,001– $200,000 | $200,001– $400,000 | >$400,000 | Test statistic/unadjusted P value for omnibus test/adjusted P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [mean (95% CI)] | 36.2 (35.9–36.4) | 1442 | 35.9 (35.7–36.2) | 38.0 (37.0–39.0) | 35.7 (34.6–36.8) | 36.4 (35.7–37.1) | 36.8 (35.8–37.8) | ANOVA F = 5.7; P<.001; P<.001 | 36.5 (36.0–37.0) | 36.6 (35.7–37.6) | 35.8 (35.3–36.3) | 36.2 (35.9–36.5) | ANOVA F = 1.4; P=.25P=.03 | 35.4 (34.8-35.9) | 36.2 (35.9-36.6) | 36.2 (35.8-36.6) | 37.1 (36.4-37.8) | ANOVA F Test=12.3; =0.001 P=.0008 |
| Duration attempting to conceive before seeking treatment, months [(median (IQR)] | 23.0 (47) | 1459 | 23 (40) | 28 (49) | 38 (45) | 28 (45) | 25 (37) | Kruskal-Wallis X2 = .38; df(4); P=.83P=.71 | 13 (47) | 23 (51) | 23 (40) | 28 (40) | Kruskal-Wallis X2 = 12.0;df(3); P=.007P=.11 | 23 (47) | 25 (40) | 28 (40) | 23 (40) | Kruskal-Wallis X2 = 9.8; df(3); P=.02P=.03 |
| Distance traveled to clinic, miles [(median (IQR)] | 5.8 (12) | 1450 | 5 (12) | 10 (15) | 10 (10) | 5 (13) | 6 (6) | Kruskal-Wallis X2 = 12.7; (df)4; P=.010 P=.23 | 8.8 (12) | 6.5 (13) | 5.3 (12) | 5 (9) | Kruskal-Wallis X2=11.2; df(3); P=.01P=.06 | 10 (15) | 7.3 (11) | 5 (7.5) | 4 (5) | Kruskal-Wallis X2 = 96.2; (df(3); <0.001 P<.001 |
| Nulliparous [N(%)] | 782 (55.7%) | 1405 | 531 (52.5%) | 74 (74.0%) | 43 (58.1%) | 84 (59.2%) | 50 (64.1%) | X2 = 20.8; (df)4; P<.001; P=.01 | 165 (64.7%) | 50 (64.1%) | 155 (54.8%) | 397 (51.8%) | X2=15.5; df(3); P=.001P<.001 | 171 (66.3%) | 341 (60.7%) | 201 (48.2%) | 58 (38.9%) | X2 = 43.8; df(3); P<.001P<.001 |
| History of miscarriage [N(%)] | 590 (40.9%) | 1442 | 439 (42.2%) | 30 (30.0%) | 32 (41.6%) | 58 (39.7%) | 31 (39.7%) | X2 = 5.8; (df)4; P=.22 P=.14 | 96 (36.5%) | 33 (40.7%) | 131 (44.7%) | 322 (41.2%) | X2=3.9; df(3); P=.28 P=.12 | 96 (36.0%) | 229 (39.5%) | 176 (41.8%) | 80 (52.0%) | X2= 11.1; df(3); P=.01 P=.48 |
| Completed fertility treatment (vs. currently seeking/undergoing Tx)[N(%)] | 866 (59.3%) | 1460 | 646 (61.3%) | 54 (52.9%) | 41 (51.9%) | 80 (54.8%) | 45 (57.0%) | X2 = 6.6; (df)4; P=.16P=.84 | 155 (58.7%) | 45 (54.2%) | 184 (61.3%) | 474 (60.1%) | X2=1.5; df(3); P=.68P=.57 | 147 (54.2%) | 344 (58.4%) | 264 (62.1%) | 101 (65.2%) | X2 = 6.7; df(3); P=.08P=.95 |
| Referral type | N(%) | |||||||||||||||||
| Friend/relative/coworker N(%) | 301 (20.7%) | 1455 | 224 (21.3%) | 18 (17.8%) | 17 (21.8%) | 32 (22.1%) | 10 (12.7%) | X2 = 4.1; df(4); P=.40 P=.21 | 62 (23.5%) | 14 (16.9%) | 65 (21.8%) | 154 (19.6%) | X2=2.8; df(3); P=.42 P=.41 | 40 (14.8%) | 123 (20.9%) | 98 (23.2%) | 36 (23.4%) | X2 = 8.2; df(3); P=.04 P=.07 |
| Obstetrician/gynecologist Physician N(%) | 707 (48.6%) | 1455 | 533 (50.7%) | 46 (45.5%) | 29 (37.2%) | 61 (42.1%) | 38 (48.1%) | X2 = 8.7; df(4); P=.07 P=.18 | 109 (41.3%) | 42 (50.6%) | 144 (48.3%) | 402 (51.2%) | X2=7.8; df(3); P=.05 P=.08 | 123 (45.4%) | 284 (48.3%) | 225 (53.3%) | 69 (44.8%) | X2 = 5.8; df(3); P=.12 P=.34 |
| Primary care physician N(%) | 72 (5.0%) | 1455 | 53 (5.0%) | 7 (6.9%) | 3 (3.9%) | 3 (2.1%) | 6 (7.6%) | X2 = 4.8; df(4); P=.31 P=.66 | 17 (6.4%) | 6 (7.2%) | 16 (5.4%) | 33 (4.2%) | X2=3.1; df(3); P=.37 P=.45 | 21 (7.8%) | 25 (4.3%) | 17 (4.0%) | 8 (5.2%) | X2 = 5.9; df(3); P=.12 P=.77 |
| Insurance company N(%) | 53 (3.6%) | 1455 | 37 (3.5%) | 3 (3.0%) | 2 (2.6%) | 9 (6.2%) | 2 (2.5%) | X2 = 3.4; df(4); P=.49 P=.14 | 10 (3.8%) | 3(3.6%) | 8 (2.7%) | 32 (4.1%) | X2 =1.2; df(3); P=.76 P=.36 | 15 (5.5%) | 25 (4.3%) | 9 (2.1%) | 4 (2.6%) | X2 = 6.5; df(3); P=.09 P=.08 |
| Internet N(%) | 168 (11.6%) | 1455 | 100 (9.5%) | 12 (11.9%) | 14 (18.0%) | 30 (20.7%) | 12 (15.2%) | X2 = 20.3; df(4); P<.001 P=.16 | 35 (13.3%) | 9 (10.8%) | 29 (9.7%) | 91 (11.6%) | X2 = 1.8; df(3); P=.62 P=.42 | 36 (13.3%) | 64 (10.9%) | 49 (11.6%) | 17 (11.0%) | X2 = 1.1; df(3); P=.78 P=.95 |
| Physician diagnosed cause of infertility | N(%) | |||||||||||||||||
| Ovulation problem N(%) | 307 (21.0%) | 1460 | 225 (21.4%) | 16 (15.7%) | 18 (22.8%) | 30 (20.6%) | 18 (22.8%) | X2 = 2.1; df(4); P=.71 P=.95 | 45 (17.1%) | 16 (19.3%) | 68 (22.7%) | 168 (21.3%) | X2 = 3.1; df(3); P=.37 P=.36 | 61 (22.5%) | 120 (20.4%) | 90 (21.2%) | 33 (21.3%) | X2 = .51; df(3); P=.92P=.85 |
| Male factor N(%) | 233 (16.0%) | 1460 | 174 (16.5%) | 13 (12.8%) | 13 (16.5%) | 18 (12.3%) | 15 (19.0%) | X2 = 3.0; df(4); P=.56 P=.54 | 49 (18.6%) | 13 (15.7%) | 43 (14.3%) | 126 (16.0%) | X2 = 1.9; df(3); P=.59 P=.36 | 40 (14.8%) | 87 (14.8%) | 79 (18.6%) | 23 (14.8%) | X2 = 3.3; df(3); P=.35 P=.78 |
| Advanced age/decreased ovarian reserve N(%) | 382 (26.2%) | 1460 | 265 (25.1%) | 28 (27.5%) | 17 (21.5%) | 44 (30.1%) | 28 (35.4%) | X2 = 6.3; df(4); P=.18 P=.008 | 61 (23.1%) | 31 (37.4%) | 81 (27.0%) | 206 (26.1%) | X2 = 6.7; df(3); P=.08 P=.11 | 64 (23.6%) | 156 (26.5%) | 108 (25.4%) | 48 (31.0%) | X2 = 2.9; df(3); P=.40 P=.99 |
| Uterine Factor N(%) | 100 (6.9%) | 1460 | 70 (6.6%) | 15 (14.7%) | 1 (1.3%) | 12 (8.2%) | 2 (2.5%) | X2 = 16.5; df(4); P=.002; P<.001 | 15 (5.7%) | 8 (9.6%) | 20 (6.7%) | 56 (7.1%) | X2 = 1.7; df(3); P=.65 P=.35 | 22 (8.1%) | 34 (5.8%) | 33 (7.8%) | 7 (4.5%) | X2 = 3.7; df(3); P=.30 P=.57 |
| Blocked fallopian tubes N(%) | 90 (6.2%) | 1460 | 55 (5.2%) | 20 (19.6%) | 7 (8.9%) | 5 (3.4%) | 3 (3.8%) | X2 = 37.2; df(4); P<.001 P=.046 | 18 (6.8%) | 4 (4.8%) | 19 (6.3%) | 48 (6.1%) | X2 = 0.47; df(3); P=.93 P=.80 | 27 (10.0%) | 34 (5.8%) | 20 (4.7%) | 6 (3.9%) | X2 = 10.0; df(3); P=.02 P=.70 |
| Endometriosis N(%) | 89 (6.1%) | 1460 | 61 (5.8%) | 7 (6.9%) | 6 (7.6%) | 11 (7.5%) | 4 (5.1%) | X2=1.3; df(4); P=.87 P=.70 | 15 (5.7%) | 4 (4.8%) | 24 (8.0%) | 44 (5.6%) | X2 = 2.6; df(3); P=.46 P=.43 | 20 (7.4%) | 41 (7.0%) | 23 (5.4%) | 4 (2.6%) | X2 = 5.2; df(3); P=.16 P=.26 |
| Fertility preservation (cancer) N(%) | 34 2.3%) | 1460 | 25 (2.4%) | 4 (3.9%) | 4 (5.1%) | 1 (.7%) | 0 (0%) | X2 = 7.4; df(4); P=.12 P= .40 | 13 (4.9%) | 2 (2.4%) | 9 (.3.0%) | 10 (1.3%) | X2 = 12.1; df(3); P=.007 P=.04 | 11 (4.1%) | 15 (2.6%) | 4 (.9%) | 3 (1.9%) | X2 = 7.5; df(3); P=.06 P=.07 |
| Fertility preservation (elective) N(%) | 18 (1.2%) | 1460 | 17 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) | X2 = 5.3; df(4); P=.26 P=.85 | 8 (3.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | 6 (2.0%) | 3 (.4%) | X2 = 12.0; df(3); P=.005 P=.01 | 7 (2.6%) | 9 (1.5%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | X2 = 8.3; df(3); P=.04 P=.05 |
| Genetic factor N(%) | 36 (2.5%) | 1460 | 31 (2.9%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (1.3%) | X2 = 3.6; df(4); P=.46 P= .92 | 6 (2.3%) | 3 (3.6%) | 11 (3.7%) | 15 (1.9%) | X2 = 3.4; df(3); P=.34 P=.56 | 8 (3.0%) | 14 (2.4%) | 11 (2.6%) | 3 (1.9%) | X2 = 0.48; df(3); P=.92 P=.51 |
| Same-sex couple N(%) | 32 (2.2%) | 1460 | 29 (2.8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) | X2 = 7.5; df(4); P= .11 P=.28 | 5 (1.9%) | 2 (2.4%) | 3 (1.0%) | 22 (2.8%) | X2 = 3.4; df(3); P=.34 P=.11 | 4 (1.5%) | 20 (3.4%) | 5 (1.2%) | 3 (1.9%) | X2 = 6.6; df(3); P=.09 P=.09 |
| Unexplained N(%) | 550 (37.7%) | 1460 | 395 (37.5%) | 29 (28.4%) | 30 (38.0%) | 63 (43.2%) | 33 (42.8%) | X2 = 6.2; df(4); P=.19 P=.38 | 91 (34.5%) | 24 (28.9%) | 99 (33.0%) | 327 (41.4%) | X2 = 11.4; df(3); P=.01 P=.12 | 71 (26.2%) | 224 (38.0%) | 182 (42.8%) | 66 (42.6%) | X2 = 21.6; df(3); P<.001 P=.002 |