Table 1.
Comparison between patients’ and OHCAs’ characteristics in the period 2019–2020.
| Variable | 2020 | 2019 | Differencea | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 911 | n = 933 | |||
| Males, n (%) | 623 (68.4) | 636 (68.2) | 0.2 (95%CI, −4 to 4) | 0.92 |
| Age, years [IQR] | 70 [56−80] | 71 [58−82] | −1 (95%CI, −3.01 to 1.01) | 0.33 |
| EMS arrival time, min [IQR] | 10 [7–14] | 10 [7–15] | 0 (95%CI, −0.8 to 0.8) | 1 |
| Etiology of arrest, n (%) | ||||
| Medical | 774 (85) | 761 (81.6) | 3.4 (95%CI, −0.1 to 7) | 0.5 |
| Trauma | 84 (9.2) | 98 (10.5) | −1 (95%CI, −4 to 1) | 0.35 |
| Drowning | 4 (0.4) | 9 (1) | −0.6 (95%CI, −1 to 0.4) | 0.17 |
| Overdose | 18 (2) | 33 (3.5) | −1.5 (95%CI, −3 to −0.2) | 0.04 |
| Electrocution | 2 (0.2) | 3 (0.3) | −0.1 (95%CI, −1 to 0.4) | 0.67 |
| Asphyxial (external causes) | 29 (3.2) | 29 (3.1) | 0.1 (95%CI, −2 to 2) | 0.93 |
| OHCA location, n (%) | ||||
| Home | 633 (71.4) | 598 (66.6) | 4.8 (95%CI, 0.1 to 9) | 0.03 |
| Nursing residence | 35 (3.9) | 29 (3.2) | 0.7 (95%CI, −1 to 2) | 0.4 |
| Workplace | 21 (2.4) | 32 (3.6) | −1.2 (95%CI, −3 to 0.3) | 0.136 |
| Street | 112 (12.6) | 121 (13.5) | −1 (95%CI, −4 to 2) | 0.59 |
| Public building | 56 (6.3) | 71 (7.9) | −2 (95%CI, −4 to 1) | 0.19 |
| Sport | 30 (3.4) | 47 (5.2) | −1.8 (95%CI, −4 to 0.1) | 0.054 |
| Witnessed status, n (%) | ||||
| Unwitnessed | 452 (53.3) | 462 (52.1) | 1.2 (95%CI, −4 to 6) | 0.6 |
| Bystander witnessed | 318 (37.5) | 343 (38.7) | −1.2 (95%CI, −6 to 3) | 0.6 |
| Witnessed by EMS | 75 (8.8) | 77 (8.7) | 0.1 (95%CI, −3 to 3) | 0.9 |
| Resuscitation attempted by EMS, n (%) | 564 (61.9) | 558 (59.8) | 2.1 (95%CI, −2 to 7) | 0.35 |
| Bystander CPR, n (%)b | 282 (56.5) | 309 (62.8) | −6.3 (95%CI, −12 to −0.2) | 0.04 |
| AED used by bystander, n (%)b | 43 (8.6) | 64 (13) | −4.4 (95%CI, −8 to −1) | 0.03 |
| Presence of first responder, n (%)b | 179 (35.9) | 132 (26.8) | 9.1 (95%CI, 3 to 15) | 0.002 |
| Minutes to FR arrival, min [IQR]b | 4 [1–8] | 3 [1–7] | 1 (95%CI, −0.04 to 2.04) | 0.06 |
| CPR initiated by FR, n (%)b | 139 (27.9) | 101 (20.5) | 7.4 (95%CI, 2 to 13) | 0.007 |
| AED used by FR, n (%)b | 85 (17) | 61 (12.4) | 4.6 (95%CI, 0.4 to 9) | 0.04 |
| Shockable presenting rhythm, n (%)c | 188 (33.3) | 174 (31.2) | 2.1 (95%CI, −3 to 8) | 0.44 |
| Minutes to ROSC, min [IQR]c | 28 [19−37] | 25 [18−40] | 3 (95%CI, −0.5 to 6.5) | 0.09 |
| Outcome, n (%)c | ||||
| Death in the field | 356 (64.1) | 343 (62.1) | 2 (95%CI, −4 to 8) | 0.49 |
| Transported with ongoing CPR | 45 (8.1) | 43 (7.8) | 0.3 (95%CI, −3 to 4) | 0.84 |
| Transported with ROSC | 154 (27.7) | 166 (30.1) | −2.4 (95%CI, −8 to 3) | 0.39 |
EMS: emergency medical service; OHCA: out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; CPR: cardio-pulmonary resuscitation; FR: first responder; AED: automatic external defibrillator; ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation.
a
Differences are expressed as rate difference or median difference and 95% confidence interval.
b
Among those in whom resuscitation was attempted by EMS and excluding those witnessed by EMS.
c
Among those in whom resuscitation was attempted by EMS.