Table 6.
Configuration and component set-up of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system of studies included.
| Authors, year, country | Centrifugal pump | Cannulation procedure and strategy | Arterial catheter | Venous catheter | Anterograde reperfusion catheter | Initiation of pump flow rate | ACT aim therapeutic range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen et al. 200848 Taiwan | Bio-Pump, Medtronic, Anaheim, USA | Percutaneous femoral cannulation was preferred in most cases | Not specified | Not specified | Yes* | 50–100 mL/kg/min | 160–180 s (220 s during weaning) |
| Kim et al. 201445 South Korea | Twin-pulse life support (T-PLS), New Heartbio, Korea Capiox Emergency Bypass System, Terumo Corp, Tokyo, Japan | Percutaneous femoral artery and vein using the Seldinger technique | 15–17 Fr | 21–23 Fr | … | 2.5–3.0 L/min | 200–220 s |
| Maekawa et al. 201346 Japan | Capiox Emergency Bypass System, Terumo Corp, Tokyo, Japan | Percutaneous femoral artery and vein cannulation. Femoral cut down procedures were not performed | 15–17 Fr | 19–21 Fr | As necessary | 50–60 mL/min/kg | … |
| Sakamoto et al. 201447 Japan | Several types of centrifugal pumps were used | Percutaneous femoral artery and vein (or any other method) | Not specified | Not specified | As necessary | Maximal flow rate (target: 4 L/min or above) | 1.5–2.5 times normal |
| Shin et al. 201349 South Korea | Capiox Emergency Bypass System, Terumo Corp, Tokyo, Japan | Percutaneously in a majority of case or surgically in challenging cases | 14–21 Fr | 21–28 Fr | Yes† | 2.2 L/min/BSA (m2)‡ | … |
| Siao et al. 201550 Taiwan |
Bio-Pump, Medtronic, Anaheim, USA | Femoral cannulation in the emergency department | Not specified | Not specified | … | A minimum flow of 2 L/min | 180–220 s |
Abbreviations: ACT = activated clotting time; BSA = body surface area.
Notes: Only one study reported unsuccessful cannulation or if cannulation strategy was performed by emergent cannulation, cannulation guidance by ultrasound or combination of ultrasound and fluoroscopy guided cannulation. This study used ultrasound-guided catheter insertion in the emergency department and fluoroscope-guided catheter insertion in the catheterization room.45
* No bridging tube between the arterial and venous lines was applied. To avoid possible distal malperfusion an antegrade reperfusion catheter for distal limb perfusion was applied when the mean pressure of the superficial femoral artery was below 50 mmHg.
† A bypass catheter was inserted into the femoral artery to facilitate distal limb perfusion in the event of leg ischemia after arterial cannulation.
‡ The flow rate was set above 2.2 L/min/body surface area (m2) initially, and was adjusted subsequently to maintain a mean arterial pressure above 65 mm Hg.