Table 2.
Growth Factors and Average Values at 48 h PI in the Neocortex
| Cytokine/Growth Factor | WT injured relative value average | LIF Het injured relative value average | Ratio of WT injured: LIF Het injured | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-mullerian hormone | 0.92 | 0.66 | 1.4 | 0.25 |
| Artemin | 40.64 | 24.78 | 1.64 | 0.27 |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor | 43.13 | 27.89 | 1.55 | 0.15 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 1 | 221.64 | 128.64 | 1.72 | 0.03* |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 10 | 19.21 | 2.52 | 7.63 | 0.33 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 2 | 6.74 | 6.82 | 0.99 | 0.98 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 3 | 20.86 | 17.69 | 1.18 | 039 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 4 | 31.24 | 26.74 | 1.17 | 0.57 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 5 | 75.78 | 38.97 | 1.95 | 0.20 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 6 | 49.05 | 31.40 | 1.56 | 0.22 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 7 | 28.558 | 27.0917 | 1.054 | 0.813 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 8a | 2.606 | 1.872 | 1.393 | 0.476 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 8b | 18.84 | 17.48 | 1.08 | 0.90 |
| Colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage) | 19.33 | 12.73 | 1.52 | 0.10 |
| Colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) | 23,288.99 | 14,453.81 | 1.61 | 0.31 |
| Colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) | 7.15 | 2.96 | 2.41 | 0.04* |
| Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 1.17 | 0.85 |
| Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 | 119.99 | 91.46 | 1.31 | 0.32 |
| Epidermal growth factor | 138.40 | 26.35 | 5.25 | 0.10 |
| Epiregulin | 36.43 | 28.53 | 1.28 | 0.60 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 1 | 57.24 | 56.08 | 1.02 | 0.85 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 10 | 69.60 | 43.17 | 1.61 | 0.15 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 11 | 31.64 | 28.76 | 1.10 | 0.82 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 13 | 613.25 | 496.74 | 1.24 | 0.34 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 14 | 148.70 | 100.47 | 1.48 | 0.01* |
| Fibroblast growth factor 15 | 585.24 | 410.71 | 1.43 | 0.39 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 17 | 4.33 | 3.08 | 1.40 | 0.31 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 18 | 20.69 | 12.04 | 1.72 | 0.27 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 2 | 9.84 | 7.64 | 1.29 | 0.52 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 22 | 6.90 | 4.56 | 1.51 | 0.34 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 3 | 60.78 | 41.15 | 1.48 | 0.30 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 4 | 1.23 | 0.39 | 3.18 | 0.03* |
| Fibroblast growth factor 5 | 19.57 | 11.90 | 1.64 | 0.16 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 6 | 0.50 | 0.38 | 1.32 | 0.16 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 7 | 1.85 | 0.54 | 3.40 | 0.03* |
| Fibroblast growth factor 8 | 12.13 | 8.81 | 1.38 | 0.63 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 9 | 41.78 | 36.30 | 1.15 | 0.62 |
| C-fos induced growth factor | 12.85 | 5.68 | 2.26 | 0.05* |
| Growth differentiation factor 10 | 28.90 | 26.50 | 1.09 | 0.75 |
| Growth differentiation factor 11 | 79.50 | 85.70 | 0.93 | 0.72 |
| Growth differentiation factor 5 | 3.06 | 2.04 | 1.50 | 0.36 |
| Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor | 9.89 | 7.27 | 1.36 | 0.31 |
| Hepatocyte growth factor | 22.73 | 17.99 | 1.26 | 0.42 |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 | 44.91 | 25.51 | 1.76 | 0.19 |
| Insulin-like growth factor 2 | 61.39 | 46.48 | 1.32 | 0.21 |
| Interleukin 11 | 8.03 | 5.84 | 1.37 | 0.50 |
| Interleukin 12A | 13.98 | 10.03 | 1.39 | 0.39 |
| Interleukin 18 | 56.41 | 50.80 | 1.11 | 0.58 |
| Interleukin 1 alpha | 30.86 | 19.04 | 1.62 | 0.11 |
| Interleukin 1 beta | 16.12 | 6.96 | 2.32 | 0.11 |
| Interleukin 2 | 30.52 | 17.14 | 1.78 | 0.31 |
| Interleukin 3 | 15.27 | 2.49 | 6.13 | 0.31 |
| Interleukin 4 | 58.70 | 35.84 | 1.64 | 0.37 |
| Interleukin 6 | 4.37 | 1.69 | 2.58 | 0.12 |
| Interleukin 7 | 8.35 | 4.23 | 1.98 | 0.20 |
| Inhibin alpha | 93.78 | 82.38 | 1.14 | 0.65 |
| Inhibin beta-A | 122.90 | 86.24 | 1.43 | 0.24 |
| Inhibin beta-B | 21.74 | 47.96 | 0.45 | 0.44 |
| Kit ligand | 114.89 | 90.39 | 1.27 | 0.40 |
| Left right determination factor 1 | 1.61 | 1.68 | 0.96 | 0.96 |
| Left right determination factor 2 | 236.04 | 99.62 | 2.37 | 0.13 |
| Leptin | 10.86 | 7.88 | 1.38 | 0.45 |
| Leukemia inhibitory factor | 2.47 | 4.48 | 0.55 | 0.04* |
| Midkine | 38.22 | 28.53 | 1.34 | 0.35 |
| Myostatin | 16.82 | 12.47 | 1.35 | 0.46 |
| Nerve growth factor | 89.49 | 59.01 | 1.52 | 0.38 |
| Nodal | 12.98 | 5.55 | 2.34 | 0.13 |
| Neurotrophin 3 | 3.77 | 1.80 | 2.10 | 0.29 |
| Neurotrophin 5 | 47.73 | 30.12 | 1.59 | 0.46 |
| Platelet derived growth factor, alpha | 29.59 | 27.24 | 1.09 | 0.74 |
| Placental growth factor | 18.26 | 9.70 | 1.88 | 0.34 |
| Rabaptin, RAB GTPase binding effector protein 1 | 231.79 | 163.97 | 1.41 | 0.20 |
| S100 calcium binding protein A6 (calcyclin) | 122.25 | 73.75 | 1.66 | 0.14 |
| Secreted phosphoprotein 1 | 262.91 | 34.25 | 7.68 | 0.38 |
| Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 | 6.31 | 2.72 | 2.32 | 0.19 |
| Trefoil factor 1 | 20.95 | 17.13 | 1.22 | 0.64 |
| Transforming growth factor, alpha | 14.14 | 11.08 | 1.28 | 0.19 |
| Transforming growth factor, beta 1 | 44.53 | 33.47 | 1.33 | 0.11 |
| Transforming growth factor, beta 2 | 11.24 | 6.11 | 1.84 | 0.02* |
| Transforming growth factor, beta 3 | 45.46 | 24.52 | 1.85 | 0.17 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor A | 159.40 | 117.04 | 1.36 | 0.24 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor B | 101.43 | 115.29 | 0.88 | 0.52 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor C | 6.49 | 3.94 | 1.65 | 0.40 |
| Zinc finger protein 91 | 220.833 | 180.771 | 1.222 | 0.15 |
This table lists the growth factors/cytokines analyzed using the RT2 Profiler PCR Mouse Growth Factor Array. Values were normalized to actin for WT injured and LIF Het injured mice at 2 days of recovery from CHI. The ratios of WT injured to LIF Het Injured are provided at n = 3 mice per group. Statistical comparisons were performed using a two-tailed, unpaired Student's t test and Tukey's post hoc test. *p < 0.05 by Student's t test and Tukey's post hoc test.
CHI, closed head injury; Het, heterozygous; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; WT, wild-type.