FIGURE 1.

Experimental setup for RNA-Seq analysis. After 48 h of germination on Petri dishes barley seedlings were transferred to hydroponics with Magnavaca medium adjusted to pH = 6.0 or pH = 4.0. After another 48 h AlCl₃ was added to the medium (10 μM of bioavailable Al³⁺ ions). (A) Short-term Al treatment. Root meristems were taken for RNA isolation just before Al addition (as control at pH = 6.0 and pH = 4.0) and after 24 h of Al treatment. (B) Long-term Al treatment. Root meristems were taken for RNA isolation from seedlings 7 days after Al addition and from seedlings grown at pH = 6.0 and pH = 4.0 without Al at the same time point. (C) The picture of barley root with an indication of its part (root meristem, ∼1 mm of root tip) that was taken for RNA isolation.