Table 4.

Application of genetically modified MSCs in pancreatic cancer therapy

Transfected gene	Source of MSCs	Vector	Anti-cancer effects	ref
TRAIL	Human BMSCs	Adenovirus	Genetically modified MSCs in combination with XIAP inhibition suppressed metastatic growth of pancreatic carcinoma.	(126)
miR-126-3p	Human BMSCs	Lentivirus	Inhibited proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells, and promoted their apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo	(130)
TRAIL	Human Pancreas	Plasmid	Inhibited viability of pancreatic cancer cells	(153)
TRAIL	Human BMSCs	Plasmid	Increased transfection efficiency and tumor eradication in a xenograft mouse model	(127)
NK4	Rat BMSCs	Adenovirus	Inhibited proliferation and migration of the pancreatic cancer cell line	(136)
miR-1231	Human BMSCs	Direct oligonucleotides	In vitro: inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion to the matrix of PC cells In vivo: inhibited tumor growth.	(129)
HSV-TK	Mice BMSCs	Plasmid	Inhibited primary tumor growth and increased survival in tumor models.	(132)
IFN- β	Human BMSCs	Adenovirus	Suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo	(134)
HSV-TK	Mice BMSCs	Plasmid	Reduced tumor growth and liver metastases.	(133)
TRAIL	Human ATMSCs	Retrovirus	Increased apoptosis in cell line and tumor eradication in a mouse model, mediated apoptosis without significant toxicity to normal tissues.	(80)
NIS	Mice BMSCs	Plasmid	Significant delay and reduction in tumor growth	(154)
TRAIL	Human ATMSCs	Lentivirus	Inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor size	(128)
IL15	Human UCMSCs	Lentivirus	Significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice	(135)
TRAIL	Human BMSCs	Adenovirus	Eradicated TRAIL-resistant pancreatic carcinoma cells in combination with XIAP inhibitor.	(81)

BMSCs: Bone marrow-derived MSCs; UCMSCs: Umbilical cord-derived MSCs; ATMSCs: Adipose tissue-derived MSCs; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells